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Designations

• Listed Building (I) 1053431: MINSTER LOVELL MANOR RUINS
• Scheduled Monument () 1015321: Minster Lovell Hall

Monument Type(s):

• FISHPOND (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
• GREAT HALL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)

Summary

Includes the remains of Minster Lovell Hall, c.1431-42, its associated buildings, two fishponds and part of what is probably an early medieval cemetery. Ruins of the hall are Listed Grade I.

Associated Monuments

Associated Finds:

Description

SP3211 MINSTER LOVELL MANOR ROAD
19/108 (South side)
12/09/55 Minster Lovell Manor Ruins
(Formerly listed as Ruins of Manor House)
GV I

Manor House ruins. Circa 1431-42 for William, Seventh Lord Lovell, incorporating some earlier structures. Coursed squared stone and stone ashlar. The manor house was built on a court yard plan, having a hall, solar and chapel range with a kitchen and bake house cross-wing to the east; and north-west, and west accommodation ranges. Most of the floor plan survives above ground level. Hall, solar and chapel range: the entrance porch has a two-compartment quadripartite vault with floriated roof bosses, the hall was lit by 2-light cusped windows to the south, of which part of the tracery survives. On the north side of the hall were apartments on the ground floor, with the chapel above. The window openings of the ground floor rooms survive, the spandrels of the rere-arches have quatrefoils. The kitchen and bake house wing survives as foundations visible above ground level. The north-west range: the gable-end of this range survives with a 2-light stone mullion and transom window, each light having a cinquefoiled ogee head with quatrefoils in the angles of the cusping. West range: at the south end of the west range is the remains of a 4-storey tower, having an octagonal corner staircase turret. History: manor probably granted to William Lupellus, the first Lovell, in c.1130. Manor built by William, seventh Lord Lovell c.1431-42. Francis, ninth Lord Lovell, was one of Richard III's chief courtiers, being Chamberlain of the Household and Chief Butler of England. It is reputed that he did not die at the battle of Stoke (1487) but fled to Minster Lovell where a skeleton was discovered in 1708 on opening an underground vault. Scheduled as an Ancient Monument. (Buildings of England: Oxfordshire: 1979, pp707-710; "Minster Lovell Hall", A.J. Taylor, HBMCE, 1985)
Listing NGR: SP3244111342
2) The Hall comprises the ruined remains of a manor house built in the first half of the C15. An earlier house built on the site is believed to have been completely demolished when Minster Lovell Hall was constructed. The manor house was arranged around a quadrangle about 38m wide E-W and open to the river on its S side. To the N stood the great hall with its entrance porch and the other principal rooms. The porch which is approached from the N by a patterned cobbled pathway, has suffered the effects of being exposed to the elements but internal plaster survives within the vaulted roof.
Decorative details can also be seen, giving an impression of the splendour of the building when newly constructed. The great hall measures 15m by 8m and stands 12m high from floor to wall top. The windows are known to have originally included decorated glass showing heraldic designs relating to the Lovell family. A small staircase led to a large upper room or solar and there was also a chapel on the first floor. The W wing contained apartments and chambers. The E wing was divided into two roughly equal parts by a passage. N of this were the kitchens while the building to the S served as the stables. E of the hall and N of the kitchen was a series of rooms believed to have included the buttery, bakehouse and pantry. On the SW corner stood a substantial tower and externally buttressed wall which was added towards the end of the C15.
Further minor extensions and alterations to the layout and use of parts of the manor carried on over the course of its history, notably a W facing extension and conversion of the chapel to domestic use, sometime during the C16. East of the hall buildings lies a series of earthworks representing ancillary buildings and the earlier road line. Two fishponds, forming part of a substantial group of ponds along this stretch of the Windrush, lie immediately W and S of the hall. The E of the two ponds was constructed using a former channel of the river which ran immediately to the S of the manor house. This pond is roughly 50m from E-W and is broader at its E (down stream) end. It remains open and has been adapted since its original construction to form an ornamental feature.
The pond to the W of the hall measures about 60m from E-W and is broadest at its W end where it measures up to 25m wide. It has become much overgrown with flora and was originally more rectangular in plan, having become silted up over time. There is a further fishpond about 100m SE of the hall which has been heavily dredged in the past and is not included in the scheduling.
To the N of the great hall is St Kenelm's Church, dedicated to the martyred son of King Kenwulf of Mercia, who is believed to have died in about AD 819. The church, which is not included in the scheduling, is now surrounded by a roughly square and relatively small graveyard. However, archaeological work in late 1995 and early 1996 found evidence of burials on a strip of land to the W of the present churchyard wall and this area is included in the scheduling. Although undated, these burials can most probably be explained by the earlier existence of a much larger close around the church shrank as the status of the church lessened as the parish became smaller.
It is known from documentary records that Minster Lovell Hall was built by a William Lovell around AD 1440 although the land had been held by the Lovells' since as early as AD 1130. The main additions were probably carried out by his grandson Francis. There is much known about this important family whose members were present on the Third Crusade (1193), and at the battles of Bannockburn (1314) and Bosworth (1485) and others. The manor was sold in 1602 to the Coke family and they remained owners until 1812 although the manor was dismantled in about 1747 after which they did not reside in Minster Lovell. Several further owners followed until Mrs Agneta Terriere placed the ruins in the care of the state in 1935.
All boundary walls, fences, the lifebelt holder posts, the surface and base of the new access road, and all modern structures are excluded from the scheduling, but the ground beneath these features is included.
Remains of medieval mansion of the Lovells, mostly Perpendicular in style, it is contemporary with the church and forms a picturesque group with it, besides having many interesting features.
3) Recovered from 2 evaluation trenches were 5 undated post holes, graves present in both trenches, and traces of a post medieval structure (?cottage) were found on the road frontage under a large dump of modern rubbish.
4) DoE pamphlet and History and Planning of Minster Lovell Hall (C J Young, 1985) transferred to Oxon History Centre, 03/03/15.
6) Transferred to Oxon History Centre, 03/03/15.
9) Building recording was carried out in 1990 prior to repair work on behalf of EH. Analytical scale drawings of the interior and exterior surfaces of the windows in the upper part of the Great Hall were completed along with sections and scale records of the mouldings. In most cases, the stonework was very weathered and crumbly especially over the interior arches where it was only possible to record a complete section in one or two places.

<1> Dept of Environment/DCMS, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, West Oxon List 124: 19/108, p.45 (Index). SOX260.

<2> English Heritage, Scheduled Ancient Monuments Record, SM 21804 (Scheduling record). SOX283.

<3> Oxford Archaeological Unit, 1995, Minster Lovell Hall, Access Road, Minster Lovell: Archaeological Evaluation (Unpublished document). SOX220.

<4> Additional Information in Detailed Record File, Minster Lovell Hall: Dept of the Environment Official Handbook and lecture notes by C J Young (1985) (Index). SOX258.

<5> Aerial Photographs, SP 3211/1-4 (Photograph). SOX295.

<6> Additional Information in Detailed Record File, 12 showing various views of hall (Index). SOX258.

<7> Slide Cabinet, 3 views of hall ruins taken in 1967 (Photograph). SOX303.

<8> Black and White print photographs, 3 aerial views taken 1973, 3 from ground and 4 of Radio Oxford interview with M Aston (Photograph). SOX315.

<9> OAU Newsletter, Arch News vol xviii no 1 March 1990 p.20 (Article in serial). SOX270.

Sources

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