Monument Type(s):

• MOTTE AND BAILEY (12th century - 1100 AD to 1199 AD)
• RINGWORK (12th century - 1100 AD to 1199 AD?)

Summary

Scheduled Monument: Panpudding Hill is an especially fine example of a medieval ringwork and bailey castle (a stronghold defended by a bank and ditch), and is of particular interest because of its proximity to and probable association with Bridgnorth Castle 250m to the north east.

Related records

Associated Finds: None recorded

Associated Events

• ESA388 - Undated field observation by English Heritage
• ESA389 - 1960 field observation by the Ordnance Survey
• ESA390 - 1978 field observation by the Ordnance Survey
• ESA391 - 1986 field observation by English Heritage
• ESA392 - 1980s survey by the NMR
• ESA8138 - 2012 Test pitting at Severn Valley Railway by Wolverhampton Archaeology Group (Ref: Proj 41)

Description

Panpudding Hill consists of a motte built on a promontory commanding the Severn valley, with steep slopes to the N, E and S. The summit, which measures 50m in diameter, is partially encircled by a flat topped bank, 0.9m high, and up to 12m wide. The bottom of the ditch, which separates it from the bailey to the W, is 3.3m below the top of the bank, and 0.7m below the level of the bailey. The triangular bailey, defined by scarp slopes to the N&S, measures 50m in length, and 30m in width, adjacent to the motte. There are traces of a bank 0.8m high, and a ditch 0.6m deep, at the W end. OS FI 1978 <1>

The earthwork is as shown on the OS Antiquity Model.[<24>] Earlier speculation that the site is an Iron Age fort or Ethelflaeda's Saxon Burh may be discounted. The castle may have been built by Henry I in 1102 during the siege of Robert de Bellesme in the town <4>

Evaluated for MPP in 1990-1: High score as one of 20 Ringworks; High score as one of 46 Motte and Bailey castles <21>

Scheduling revised in 1996. Scheduling description: ->

-> The monument includes the remains of a substantial ringwork and bailey castle and a building platform situated on Panpudding Hill, a steep sided promontory south of Bridgnorth and overlooking, to the east, the valley of the River Severn and, to the north, a steep sided valley. The ringwork is intervisible with the ruined Bridgnorth Castle, a tower keep castle (the subject of a separate scheduling) which occupies the southern tip of Castle Hill, a higher spur 250m to the north east, on the north side of the valley. The positions of both castles have been chosen for their strategic strength controlling a crossing place on the River Severn. Stylistically Panpudding Hill ringwork appears to be the earlier of the two, but its foundation has been attributed to Henry I who is believed to have constructed it in 1102 as a stronghold during his siege against the northern castle held by Robert de Bellesme. The castle earthworks are designed to make maximum use of the natural defensive strength of the hill. The ringwork itself is roughly oval in plan with maximum dimensions of 84m north east to south west by 68m transversely. The defences include a strong outer scarp averaging 3.5m high which has been created by cutting back the natural hillslope around the north, east and south sides of the spur to steepen the natural slope. This cutting into the slope has created an outer berm, averaging 3m wide around the north and north east and up to 14m wide around the south and south east. The ringwork outer scarp was continued around the west side of the hill, the natural approach along the ridge, by cutting a substantial ditch up to 8m wide and lm deep across the neck of the spur. The summit of the prominence created is roughly circular in plan with a diameter of 50m. Around the west and south edges of this summit a substantial flat topped bank averaging 10m wide and lm high has been constructed to strengthen the defences. The defended internal area of the ringwork is level and measures 47m north east to south west by 32m transversely. At the western end of the southern, outer, berm a lower terraced platform has been created against the south east junction between the ringwork and bailey. This may represent the site of a roughly rectangular building approximately 18m east to west by 10m transversely. ->

-> Attached to the west side of the ringwork and separated from it by its western ditch, is a well defined enclosure, or bailey, within which domestic buildings associated with the castle would have been protected. It extends from the ringwork along the line of the ridge to the west and is roughly rectangular in plan; bounded on its north, west and south sides by a well defined scarp averaging 2.5m high. The fourth, east, side is formed by the western edge of the ringwork ditch. The bailey has internal dimensions of 44m east to west and transversely narrows from a width of 40m adjacent to the ringwork, to 18m at its western end. At the south east corner are earthworks representing an inner bank up to 0.5m high. At the western end of the bailey the inner bank is up to 6m wide and 0.9m high and, has an outer ditch 10m wide and 1.2m deep which cuts roughly north west to south east across the line of the spur. The ditch is believed to continue as a buried feature around the north and south sides of the bailey. ->

-> All boundary features which fall within the area of the scheduling are excluded from the scheduling although the ground beneath is included. <22>

Motte and tapering rectangular bailey to its west are visible on LiDAR imagery. <25>

Photographed during aerial survey in 2013. <26>

Four test pits were excavated to the N of Panpudding Hill in 2012 by Wolverhampton Archaeology Group. All test pits recorded only isolated medieval and late post-medieval/modern finds. <27><27a>

Sources

Search results generated by the HBSMR Gateway from exeGesIS SDM Ltd.