Please read the Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record caveat document.

Summary

Bury Castle consists of a sub-oval enclosure of presumed Iron Age date visible as an earthwork with two detached outworks. The enclosure measures 80m by 60m and is defined by a bank of 1.6m high. A single entrance lies on the north-east side.

Monument Types

• (Alternate Type) MULTIVALLATE HILLFORT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
• CROSS DYKE (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
• UNIVALLATE HILLFORT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)

Description

[SS 91774716] Bury Castle (NAT) Camp (NR) (1)

Bury Castle: a multivallate hill-fort of under three acres, at the end of the spur immediately north-west of Selworthy. Defences consist of widely spaced, outer-ditched triple ramparts to west, and a scarped, precipitous slope to the east. (see plans) (2-5)

This is a small univallate hillfort with an annexe or outwork to the west. The alledged third rampart shown by Allcroft is a bank running from SS 91524714 to SS 91584734. It is of totally different appearance to the other defences and seems to be nothing more than a comparatively modern field bank. The main enclosure is bounded by a rampart and outer ditch, but because it is situated on a west-east slope the ditch disappears and the rampart degenerates into little more than an outer scarp on the downhill (eastern) side. No continuation of the southern end of the western outwork can be traced, but the northern end turns and is linked by a scarp to the main enclosure. Published 1:2500 survey revised. (6)

There are traces of stone building foundations in the north-east part of the inner enclosure where a track enters (7). Whybrow mentions that a good deal of stone is evident in the structure at and near the north-east entrance, as well as at one or two other points, and it is possible the rampart was originally stone revetted. (7-8)

(SS 91774716) Bury Castle (NAT) Settlement (NR) (9)

Additional Bibliography. (10-14)

SS 917471. Bury Castle, Selworthy. Listed in gazetteer as a multivallate hillfort with widely spaced ramparts covering 0.18 hectares (15)

Bury Castle consists of a sub-oval enclosure of presumed Iron Age date with two detached outworks on the north-west side. The site lies at 240 metres above Ordnance Datum on a spur running roughly north-west to south-east immediately north-west of Selworthy village. The enclosure is centred at SS 9176 4716 and measures 80 metres by 60 metres overall. It is defined by a substantial earth and stone bank 1.6 metres high with an external ditch 1.5 metres deep. On the south-east, the enclosure is defined by an outward facing scarp only. There is a single entrance 3 metres wide on the north-east side. This has been obscured and infilled by a later dump of material, possibly stone clearance resulting from post-medieval agricultural improvement. Some slight platforming immediately south of the entrance may represent original hut stances.There are two detached outworks. The first lies some 30 metres to the north-west and comprises a single bank 10 metres long and 2.7 metres high with a ditch 1.2 m deep on its northern side. There is no clear entrance through the outwork, and it is likely that access was around its southern end where the earthwork fades. The second outwork lies 150 metres north-west of the former and is about 120 metres long. Its western half has been incorporated into a later field system and it is now indistinguishable from a field bank. The eastern half, which was initially identified by Allcroft, comprises a spread bank 4.5 metres wide and 0.9 metres high. Both outworks cross the spur and fade away where natural slopes begin to steepen. Surveyed at 1:1000 scale in February 1998 as part of RCHME's Exmoor Project. A full report has been deposited in the archive. (16 & 17)

Scheduling revised with new national number 16/08/1994 was Somerset 205. (20)

The Iron Age hill-fort is visible as an earthwork on aerial photographs. The main fort enclosure is centred at SS 9176 4716 with the two outer ramparts to the north west which are centred at SS 9168 4718 and SS 9158 4729 respectively. The fort is as described above (16-17) and has been mapped using the available aerial photography. (21-22)

At the entrance to the fort, on the north side, a number of stones have been pulled from the bank to form a cairn. (25)

There is another bank 200 metres to the north-west which may be an outwork. (28)

A small hillfort or defended enclosure with an additional cross-ridge defence on the uphill west side. Situated on the tip of a spur, with a steep drop on two sides, but a gentler approach to the south-west. The enclosure is sub-rectangular in plan with slightly curving sides and rounded corners, having an internal area of 0.21 hectares enclosed by univallate earthworks. The defences are greatest on the upper sides, with a bank up to 2 metres high and outer ditch up to 2 metres deep, forming an external face 1.7 metres high. On the lower sides use is made of the natural slope which has been scarped to form a bank 0.2 metres high above a drop of 1.8 metres, with a slight outer terrace. The earthworks have a steep, well-preserved profile. The most likely original entrance is in the centre of the north-eastern side where there is a disturbed area consisting of a gap in the rampart and a mound of stone extending out from the interior of the enclosure, truncating the ditch which turns out along it. This may represent a tumbled out-turned entrance or collapsed gatehouse. Uphill from this there is a counterscarp bank outside the ditch. The present entrance on the south-west appears to have been created by a modern trackway over the ramparts. Uphill, 32 metres above the enclosure, is a cross-ridge work with two arms meeting at a shallow point on the crest of the ridge. The north-east arm, 45 metres long, runs parallel to the top side of the enclosure, and the second arm runs south from this for 45 metres. It is formed of a bank approximately 2 metres high and an external ditch approximately 2 metres deep, of similar proportions to the upper side of the enclosure, forming an external face 2.5 metres high. On the north-east this work runs to the edge of the spur and turns briefly towards the enclosure as a scarp and terrace. A length of natural scarp completes the gap between the two. On the south, however, the work ends well short of the edge of the hill, suggesting that approach was intended from this direction. There is a gap through the cross-work immediately south of the apex, consisting of a shallowing of the ditch and lowering of the bank, but this appears to be modern. The cross-work may have defined an outer enclosure, but a more likely purpose was to provide better visibility both from and of the site along the uphill approach. Such cross-works covering the otherwise blind approach to a defended site are a feature of several sites in the region. The outer edge of the cross-work ditch has been reused as the course of a later field enclosure bank, and it has been faced with dry-stone walling. Redundant field banks are present around the site and date from the post-medieval or early modern period. (33)

The Scheduled Monument Condition Assessment of 2009 records Bury Castle as in moderate condition and at medium risk. It has suffered moderate damage from vegetation and traffic. (34)

Sources and Further Reading

Other References

• Exmoor National Park HER Number (now deleted): MMO209
• Exmoor National Park HER Number (now deleted): MSO11579
• Exmoor National Park HER Number (now deleted): MSO12588
• Monarch UID: 36765
• National Monuments Record: SS 94 NW2
• National ParkExmoor National Park
• National Trust Land
• SHINE Candidate (Yes)
• Somerset SMR (Somerset): 33985
• Somerset SMR PRN: 35796

Search results generated by the HBSMR Gateway from exeGesIS SDM Ltd.