HER 547 DESCRIPTION:- Scheduled Monument Description:- Summary of Monument Major Romano-British villa in Chedworth Woods. Reasons for Designation Romano-British villas were extensive rural estates with groups of domestic, agricultural, and occasionally industrial buildings at their focus. The term `villa' is now commonly used to describe either the estate or the buildings themselves. The buildings usually include a well-appointed dwelling house, the design of which varies considerably according to the needs, taste, and prosperity of the occupier. Most of the houses were partly or wholly stone-built, many with a timber-framed superstructure on masonry footings. Roofs were generally tiled and the house could feature tiled or mosaic floors, under-floor heating, wall plaster, glazed windows and cellars. Many had integral or separate suites of heated baths. The house was usually accompanied by a range of buildings providing accommodation for farm labourers, workshops and storage for agricultural produce. These were arranged around or alongside a courtyard and were surrounded by a complex of paddocks, pens, yards and features such as vegetable plots, granaries, threshing floors, wells and hearths, all approached by tracks leading from the surrounding fields. Villa buildings were constructed throughout the period of Roman occupation, from the first to the fourth centuries AD. They are usually complex structures occupied over several hundred years and continually remodelled to fit changing circumstances. They could serve a wide variety of uses alongside agricultural activities, including administrative, recreational and craft functions, and this is reflected in the considerable diversity in their plan. The least elaborate villas served as simple farmhouses whilst, for the most complex, the term `palace' is not inappropriate. Villa owners tended to be drawn from a limited elite section of Romano-British society. Although some villas belonged to immigrant Roman officials or entrepreneurs, the majority seem to have been in the hands of wealthy natives with a more-or-less Romanised lifestyle, and some were built directly on the sites of Iron Age farmsteads. line line Roman villa buildings are found throughout lowland Britain and between 400 and 1000 examples have been recorded in England. Of these less than 10 are examples of `major' villas. These were the largest, most substantial and opulent type of villa which were built and used by a small but extremely wealthy section of Romano-British society. Roman villas provide a valuable index of the rate, extent and degree to which native British society became Romanised, as well as indicating the sources of inspiration behind changes of taste and custom. In addition, they serve to illustrate the agrarian and economic history of the Roman province, allowing comparisons over wide areas both within and beyond Britain. line line Although much is already known about the major Romano-British Villa in Chedworth Woods this important and unusual example will contain further archaeological and environmental evidence relating to its construction, development, longevity, social, political and economic significance, agricultural practices, trade, industrial activity, domestic arrangements, abandonment and overall landscape context. History This record was the subject of a minor enhancement on 9 July 2015. The record has been generated from an "old county number" (OCN) scheduling record. These are monuments that were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme and are some of our oldest designation records. line line The monument includes a major Romano-British villa situated at the head of a small valley which leads directly into the valley of the River Coln. Built on a series of artificial terraces the villa was discovered accidentally in 1864 and has been the subject of both extensive and long running excavations since its discovery. line line The building began as a simple villa with three separate ranges back in the first half of the 1st century with the main dwelling to the west. There was a small bath suite on the north side with hypocausts and mosaics. The main dwelling and south range burnt down in the late 2nd century and were immediately rebuilt but were extended and by the 4th century the garden court had been created with the addition of yet more rooms and verandas. The villa continued to increase in luxury with a larger bath suite, Turkish style baths and a water cistern which was turned into an elaborate shrine. The dining rooms were enlarged and improved and up until the late 4th century the villa complex became steadily more opulent. Even early Christian monograms have been discovered. The villa was finally abandoned in 410 AD and fell into decay and collapse. It has been extensively excavated and has been the subject of geophysical surveys. line line The mosaics and many of the rooms are now preserved below roofs and are on view to the public. Some scholars have suggested it was a tempelbezirk or pilgrims hostel because of the elaborate shrines and religious symbols associated with it, but most seem to view it as the focal point to an extensive, highly important and successful agricultural and industrial estate which funded such elaborate palace-like opulence {Source Work 2873.} Villa in Chedworth Woods, discovered by chance in 1864. It stands where 3 gullies join to form the River Coln 250yds distant. Soon after discovery the extensive remains were exposed by James Farrer, later they were partly built up and roofed over by Farrer's nephew, Lord Eldon. Much patched, they are now in the care of the National Trust. Some rebuilt walls differ slightly in position or structure from the original elements, and ground levels notably in the courtyard are in places very different from those of Roman times. The 'Fulling establishment' {Source Work 4135} which was once thought to occupy the west of the north range is now interpreted as a much-altered bath house. The north and west ranges of the villa stand on artificial terraces partly recessed into the hillside; the south wing is set lower, near the valley floor. The complete form of the south wing remains uncertain, as does the east limit of the north range, in an area of slumping. Debris and indications of further structures have been noted in pits dug for electricity poles at points up to 225' east of room 1a in the south wing. Dark earth, coins and pottery have been found on rough terraces above the steep artificial scarps which rise from the central part of the west range and from the north range. In the latter area copious finds and an alleged 'chamber' were noted in 1864, before there could be any possible of confusion with excavator's spoil heaps. Occupational debris lies against the walls of the south wing. Small excavations carried out in recent years by Sir Ian Richmond and others date site from the early 2nd century to the late 4th century with evidence of fire in early and late phases. Richmond's excavations in 1958-65, upon which much of the information as to sequence and function depends, consisted of section or selective clearance in the following areas: the corridor between rooms 1 and 2; in and near rooms 1b,3,6,7,8 and 12; the 'nymphaeum' {Source Work 5000.}; rooms 19,21,21a,22 24,25,25a; the corridor south west of room 30 and south of room 32; east of room 33 and the terrace north of room 30. The early structures, three separate blocks, formed three sides of a triangle open on east. Subsequently the villa was enlarged, and the earlier buildings were integrated into a single complex. In its final form the villa covered at least 0.8Ha, but the east limits have not as yet been determined. It was arranged in tiers, with steps joining the different levels and leading to rooms with floors raised above ground level hypocausts. The corridor beside the final east extension of the north range represents the widening of an earlier version; at the east end it is built above earlier Roman levels. The later masonry incorporates much reused stone; an infant burial was found in a Blue Lias slab cist, inserted in rubbish spanning the 2nd century to the 4th century. Fire in the last Roman phase is indicated by the discovery of 67 lbs of melted lead in a room of the north range. The villa has suffered from extensive stone robbing and much stone, including calcined fragments of sculpture, has been found in and around a lime-kiln on the terrace 20yds north of the north range. Tessellated floors of 4th century exist or existed in at least 15 rooms and over most of the west and north corridor. The site drawings and notes are in the Ashmolean Museum. All of the mosaics except those of rooms 5 and 10 are recognisably of the Corinian school of mosaics. Architectural details and small finds contribute to the picture of a rich villa, with some poor objects possible from the final phase. Painted plaster was extensively used inside, and there was also some marble facing; externally there was cement rendering. line line b 1863 - b0 Villa is possibly that recorded before the official publication of the site by Farrer. It is evident that Roman remains were recorded in this area by William Plumb who wrote to Sir Thomas Phillips Bart. The site in question was recorded as within Chedworth Woods, with archaeological material thrown out of animal burrows including blackened soil, tesserae, oyster shell, pottery and bones. This investigation was undertaken by Plumb and one of the gamekeepers of the estate. {Source Work 10467.} The 'discovery' of the Roman villa at Chedworth was described in an article of the Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club. An 1866 to 1870 account of the villa notes the 19thg century excavaition of the octagonal pool at the northwest corner of the site and the discovery of a chi-rho symbol. This is equated with some form of Christian presence at the site. Sculpted stones with the names Prastva and Arviri which are identified as Prasutagus and Arviragus are also noted from these early investigations as well. {Source Work 9931.} 1907 - The villa was visited by members of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. A talk was given by Mr St Clair Baddeley who discussed the idea of the villa as a "fulling establishment." Baddeley put forward several other ideas about the villa, suggesting the upper floor had been made entirely of timber, his ideas about the "decay" of the villa and the dating of t the villa from its mosaics. {Source Work 2755.} 1933 - 1935 - The villa at Chedworth is described in detail within a review of Roman period villas across Gloucestershire. The villa is noted as of courtyard type, though the full plan of the villa has not been exposed. Previous suggestions for the industrial and Christian nature of the site are noted. the villa is noted as being occupied from the 2nd century to at least the 4th century. {Source Work 3698.} 1958 - 1965 - Excavations in connection with National Trust undertaken by Professor I A Richmond, his death in 1965 prevented publication. {Source Work 4159.} 1971 - An article in Britannia Vol2 discusses Roman Iron Beams found at Chedworth villa. {Source Work 11576} 1975 - The mosaics at Chedworth are noted as sharing guilloche motifs with others in Gloucestershire and in Wales, with the Llantwit Major villa. The mosaic is one typical of the Corninan school. {Source Work 9372.} 1976 - 1977 - In advance of a new visitor's centre areas close to the villa were examined. The remains of a wall (considered to be a boundary wall) continuing the line of the south wall of the southern range of the villa to the west were found. Within the service trenches the continuation of this south wall to the east was also found but it was not possible to establish if this was a boundary wall or part of the rooms of the southern range. {Source Work 1032.} 1979 - Excavation in connection with National Trust building work in the area of the southern part of the entrance and portico on the east side of the villa. The original structure structure on this side of the house was a single wall, constructed in the earlier 2nd century, revetting a terraced courtyard. When the portico and entrance were laid out in their final form further terracing was executed. {Source Work 1033.} 1980 - The remaining un-examined portion of the eastern wall of the portico on the east side of the villa house was exposed. The most southerly length of this wall, rebuilt in 1949, appears to have been rebuilt on an incorrect line. Limited exploration of Rooms 5b and 6 (in advance of an improved display of the i triclinium) i0 found that 5b was paved with a geometric mosaic with a pelta pattern which had originally filled the large early Room 6. This mosaic had been cut through for the insertion of the north wall of 5b and repaired with white tessarae. The reduced and heated Room 6 had been re-paved with a new geometric mosaic roughly 2/5ths of which remains. The mosaic had been damaged in the later Roman period and tile hearth had been inserted. The corridor-like area of the reduced Room 6 (within the large original Room 6) had been paved in red and white striped mosaic. {Source Work 1034.} 1980 - The mosaics are discussed in an article in Britannia Vol 11 by R Stupperich. {Source Work 11594.} 1981 - Small amount of work on the east side of the portico entrance on the east of the garden court. A worn slab, possibly representing the level of the lower of the two steps rested on the sill-wall of the east side of the portico at the northern edge of the entrance. This helped confirm the large amount of terracing relating to the secondary entrance to the portico which would have removed the original north-south revetting wall on the east of the garden court. No entrance associated with the earlier wall was found. {Source Work 1035.} 1982 - Drainage works intersected Roman walls and metalling on the line of the southern ranges of the villa in the area of the supposed outer courtyard. Excavation revealed at least four successive 2nd to later-4th century structures: A narrow well built wall with metalling and a possible eavesdrip channel outside (to the north) and rubble make-up within. This wall was taken down to make way for a wall associated with a series of yard surfaces and rough paving of re-used stone roofers within. This was pulled down and replaced by a building with a room heated by a channeled hypocaust which was abandoned in the mid-4th century. Above the debris of this ran a very badly built dry-stone wall (probably Roman). Within the triclinium (Room 5) removal of Victorian concrete patching indicated that the hypocaust is entirely of the channeled type. A number of small fragments of mosaic which had collapsed into the channels were recorded and lifted. {Source Work 1022.} 1984 - Three phases of channelled hypocaust were discovered in Room 5 - one fuelled from the south, one from the west and a system extending to Room 5b. West of this room Victorian destruction was considerable but traces of earlier building and details of terracing for the insertion of the west range were noted. The line of one west boundary wall linked to that on the south was traced. {Source Work 1023.} 1986 - Excavation accompanying the re-surfacing in the stepped entrance through the east portico noted an unknown length of north-south wall, step or revetment approximately mid way between the later east and west walls. The early ?wall had been reduced and the level on its east side apparently made up with the rubble. A well made concrete floor followed beyond which made-up ground fell away gently to the east. Over this was the eroded base of another concrete floor apparently contemporary with the latest entrance arrangements. Both floors indicate a roofed entrance. West of Room 5 a small Romano-British limestone quarry was found (possibly associated with lime burning). {Source Work 1025.} 1987 - Limestone quarry noted in 1986 was found to extend under Room 4 and predate known activity in the area which began by c.150 with the terracing of the western hillside. A squarish room had been built over the quarry forming the south end of a west range with a channeled hypocaust. It was apparently heated from a stoke hole in the west wall (which had evidence of crude repairs). The old hypocaust chimneys were then possibly sealed and the room extended to the south to roughly its present size. The old floor was replaced by the mosaic noted above but the room was apparently still warmed from the west stoke hole until heat damage caused the floor to collapse. A new large stoke hole was inserted in the south wall and the north wall was moved south to accommodate the new arrangements of Rooms 5b and 6. Some areas of mosaic were crudely re-made and the room continued in use to the end of the Roman period. {Source Work 1026.} 1988 - Emergency consolidation of the west wall of the stoking area of the northern bath suite and the boundary wall running between this and the i nymphaeum i0 to the west produced a corrected stratigraphical sequence. First the area was covered with a layer of charcoal-stained soil and burnt stone, conceivably from a kiln. Second the east-west boundary wall was built. Thirdly, a stoking area was excavated into the terrain and a retaining wall built around it. {Source Work 1027.} During conservation of the north range, room 26 was found to have had a floor-swilling drain, partly destroyed by the Victorians. Further details of the quarry and late terrace w of rooms 5 and 5a were recorded, including spade marks. Excavation and conservation for the National Trust revealed the following : 1. maintenance work in the north corridor fronting rooms 26-32 located a geometric mosaic known to the Victorian excavators but re-buried. It is fragmentary but comprises a blue swastika meander pattern on a white background relieved by square geometric panels. The mosaic is divided width-wise into 3 and along the length there are two successive areas of swastika meander flanking a central geometric panel, then two geometrical panels flanking a central area of swastika meander and so on, in chequer board fashion. The geometric panels are in red, white and blue with simple designs of squares circles and quadrants, the laterally opposed panels are of similar designs but in complimentary colours. In Room 25a a small area of mosaic with lozenges, triangles and squares in red, white and blue was found. 2. Further excavation on the limestone quarry beneath and to the west of room 5 and 5a indicates its total north-south dimensions to be c14m and its width perhaps 9m. Details of drill or bar and other working marks were noted and lime debris was discovered. Adjacent working faces were small of the order of 2m each. 3. 1996 - excavation in Room 8 was precipitated by rabbit activity and possible damage in the hypocausts, their activity was found to have been limited. The excavation however revealed a densely cobbled surface, bordered by a opus sigium floor. A hitherto unknown stokehole was located in the south wall of the "Turkish" Bath House, and a rather fine fourth-century pewter cup was found in it. The cup was in very good condition and it is thought that it is a piece of very high class tableware, rather than a votive object. It is presently being conserved at the British Museum before being displayed in the site museum {Source Work 5018.} Work has just begun to re-open one of Goodburn's trenches in the buried south wing of the villa and extend it. This should give an idea of the function of this area, which has hitherto only been open to speculation. {Source Work 5018.} Preliminary digging has revealed an extension of the south wing with a portico (possibly tiled) with walls of a high-quality masonry. To one side of this portico is a room which appears to have a channeled hypocaust. the quality of the masonry and the provision of a heating system implies that this was a high-status residential area. There are various other walls and a ditch, of different phases; it is hoped that there is the potential to investigate pre- and sub- Roman occupation. {Source Work 5018.} Source 158 records a probable millstone found at this site according to a letter from David King dated 22/02/1996 (copy in file 010.12). 1994- NRHE to HER - AML Survey Database Reference No.: 710 Survey type: Ground Penetrating Radar: recorded grid Survey by GB Geotechnics for the National Trust, to provide a good structural understanding of the engineering substrate of the triclinium floor including the mortar, the bridging stones and the hypocaust. The hypocaust was shown to consist of a series of substantial piers and pillars, with heating channels of c. 300-700mm in width between them, arranged in a random crisscross pattern across the entire floor area. {Source Work 16729.} 1994 - Building recording and survey was carried out by Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit in 1994. It is clear that rebuilding associated with the processes of consolidation and display of the villa has been fairly extensive, but seems to have respect excavated wall lines and in the majority of cases is built on top of surviving areas of Roman masonry. While the majority of rebuilding is likely to be Victorian, later phases of interpretative rebuilding cannot be excluded. The Roman sections of walling tend to be built with better dressed stonework and the uneven coursing reflects subsidence and settlement over a long life-span. While only limited areas of Roman masonry survive, even restricted examination has indicated that the overall phasing of these walls is even more complex than that suggested by Goodburn. Where cleaning was necessary for conservation works to begin, surviving Roman stratigraphy was noted immediately below the modern grass or gravel cover. 1994 - During conservation work on the nymphaeum an opportunity was taken to confirm that the rear wall (north) was faced. Roman work on this face is preserved to the highest surviving level of the structure, and re-used building materials including architectural fragments had been used in its construction. {Source Work 3218.} 1995 - Geophysical work was undertaken as part of a wider programme of recording and assessment of the scheduled area. Gradiometer and resistivity survey were carried out within the Garden Court, the Lower Garden, The north range and the Northern exterior (gradiometer only). Each area provided evidence for archaeological deposits although only in Area 2 - The Lower Garden did these form a coherent and extensive pattern on which a clear plan for excavation might be based. {Source Work 5123.} 1997 (547/9) - Excavations in Room 8 (begun in 1996) were completed in 1997. The earliest feature encountered was a previously unknown stoke-hole located towards the NW corner of the room. This stoke-hole mirrors the one at the northern end of the bathing complex, suggesting that originally the suite of baths was fired from both ends, and therefore was separate from other contemporary structures in the West Range. The next phase of activity was identified by a floor of reddened fire-damaged masonry blocks set in red puddled clay, sealed by a compacted deposit of pure ash, possibly reflecting that this surface may have at one time served as a basement of a hypocaust system. The ash deposit was dated by a copper alloy As of Caracalla as Caesar of AD196. This alteration, dated to the late 2nd to early 3rd century was contemporary with the reorganization of the villa after a fire which gutted the South Wing. Change occurred again with the dismantling of the possible hypocaust system and the conversion of the room to an unheated apartment with an opus signinum floor. Contemporary with the laying of this floor the walls were decorated with alternate panels of Pompeian red and blue wall plaster traces of which still adhere to the walls to a height of 50mm. Directly on top of the opus signinum floor a coin of Tetricus dated to AD270 was recovered. {Source Work 5099.} 1997 - (547/10) - An excavation (not completed in 1997) in the lower garden of the villa revealed 3 parallel 4th century walls running E-W and an extremely well preserved stone channeled hypocaust belonging to a high status room. Comparison with the style, layout and dimensions of the North Wing strongly suggest that the 2 of the walls represent the outer portico wall and the front wall of the main house, and that the South Wing is therefore symmetrical (and contemporary) with the North Wing. The portico/corridor was paved with limestone slabs and there appears to be evidence for late-/post-Roman industrial activity in this part of the villa. The main impact of this excavation has been to prove that the South Wing of the villa extends at least as far as the North Wing and that is of high quality and therefore part of the main house. There must also be additional contemporary structures containing the peripheral and service elements of the house to the east - following the pattern of similar sites such as Woodchester and Bignor where multiple courtyards were built out from an 'inner sanctum' containing the most opulent rooms. {Source Work 5099.} 1997 - (547/11) - Excavations in the western Portico revealed part of a geometric mosaic with a wide border and three central decorative panels, consisting of a complete square of guilloche mat and two incomplete panels of alternate red and blue interlacing circles. A small, excavated section, through an area where the pavement was badly eroded, demonstrated that this 4th century mosaic was undisturbed and the original floor of the portico {Source Work 5099.} 1999 - A programme of excavation and geophysical work was undertaken by the National Trust at Chedworth Roman Villa during the summer of 2000. Further excavation in the corridor of the south wing revealed a corn dryer, the design of which is unique to the villa, associated pottery dates this feature to the late 4th- early 5th century. In the dining room of the north wing (Room 32), a substantial wall foundation was discovered, undercutting 4th century masonry. A few sherds of Samian were associated with this, and if in-situ, may indicate the location of part of the original 2nd century villa complex. A geophysical survey of the terraced bank behind the north wing revealed a range of rooms, a small trial trench revealed a rough revetting wall. Small finds included 3rd-4th century pottery vessels (almost complete) and a well-preserved brooch, possibly also late Roman. {Source Work 6170, 15905 & 16281.} 2000 - Three archaeological interventions were made at the villa site during 2000. They have improved understanding of the extent of the intact archaeological resource at Chedworth, with a clearer concentration of early activity at the west end of the site and have yielded more details of high-status elements during the 4th century. In addition, the length of continuous activity at the site has been extended by the new dating evidence. see (HER 51020) A survey was undertaken to establish the extent and condition of any intact buried mosaics, and to give a snapshot of surviving stratigraphy across the site. Twenty-seven test pits were excavated, and four rooms in the west wing known to have buried mosaics were completely stripped of 19th century backfill. The mosaics in rooms 5b and 6 and in the passage connecting them to room 7 were uncovered and recorded. All the mosaics are 4th century. That in room 5b had originally been much larger; it contained repairs following its truncation during the construction of room 6. Room 7 was also stripped without removal of any intact archaeology. Traces of Sir Ian Richmond's previous interventions could be seen, and something of the complex stratigraphy of this part of the villa noted. The test pits revealed the extent of survival of the mosaic in the west wing corridor - the entire length of the corridor retains intact mosaic. The latest mosaic explored was that in room 28 in the north wing, the workmanship and design indicating a late 4th century date. Other test pits revealed the nature of the flooring in several rooms and allowed a clearer measure of the depth of stratigraphy in all areas of the villa. The finds included the earliest and latest (pre-modern) pottery evidence so far recovered from the site: three sherds of differing pre-Roman native wares indicated pre-Roman or early Roman use of the site; a single sherd of 6th-8th century pottery type hinted at some form of activity well beyond the immediate post-Roman period. One other notable find was a largely complete, late Roman, shell-tempered jar buried in the northwest corner of room 27. It must have been buried after AD370-375, and it is further evidence of late 4th-early 5th century activity. The first systematic excavation in the Garden Court was undertaken. Two test pits revealed successive phases of a water conduit, aligned northwest-southeast between the spring and the kitchen/latrine area. The earliest channel, well-constructed and stone lined, was dated to the late 2nd-early 3rd century. Later versions were represented by robbed trenches, with some fragments of worked stone conduit. The original purpose of the investigation was to find evidence of garden features relating to the apogee of the villa development in the mid-4th century. However, no such features were found, the 4th century level appearing as a thin soil layer. It was concluded that the inner courtyard was grassed over during the 4th century, and there was no formal garden in the classical style. The latest Roman feature indicated that there was a rough paving over the courtyard in the late 4th century. New excavation in the south wing exposed what had previously been interpreted as a post-Roman feature in the corridor. It was seen to be a 4th century hypocaust, providing a rare example of a heated corridor. The later material was shown to be a residue of post-Roman activity on top of the dismantled hypocaust. {Source Work 6660 & 16355}. 2001 - In August 2001, during an archaeology day school run by the National Trust, the skeleton of a baby was discovered in the lower courtyard of the villa. It is intended that the remains will be radiocarbon dated at Oxford University. {Source Works 6382 and 6399.} ('PRN 8562-3-4-5-6 Archive: Ashmolian Museum plans; Shoesmith R -; Goodburn R, notes, plans' and 'Finds: Chedworth Roman Villa Museum' noted on SMR Amendment sheet but not located or verified. TG 19/12/02.) The paper record refers to an article in The Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 1870, Vol26, p251-2. This reference could not be located. {Pers comm A Morris 25/09/2003.} 2002 - GADARG undertook a resistivity survey, in April 2002, of an area of the villa centered on NGR SP053 135 to test new equipment. The results were good the equipment detected features found on other resistivity surveys and some only apparent on magnetic surveys. The results are being held in an archive along with other background information by GADARG. {Source Work7569}. 2001 - A team from the University of Sheffield continued the work begun last year in the upper courtyard of the villa, as part of the ongoing investigation of the site by the National Trust. This was exploring the extant remains of the Roman garden and clarifying earlier building sequences. Evidence was retrieved for the partial rebuilding of the portico wall immediately after the original Victorian excavations. A stone- lined, robbed drain of the late third century was the earliest building activity, pre-dating the deposition in the first half of the fourth century of large quantities of soil for the garden. It is suggested that the porticoes immediately predate the transformation of the open space into the garden. Remains of a pit for the mixing of mortar and a rough paving layer on the top of the garden suggest that the garden went out of use in the late 4th century. No evidence of post -Roman activity was found. A second trench opened in the lower courtyard revealed an area of limestone gravel paving, a deep layer of hillwash containing flecks of tile and charcoal. Beneath this, further archaeological features were encountered, including the burial of an infant, which pending radio-carbon dating, is suggested, from the dating of a sherd of pottery from beneath the hillwash, to be the first identifiable early-Roman or pre-Roman remains. {Source Work 7650}. 2002 - 2004 - Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological fabric survey for The National Trust at Chedworth Roman Villa; between October 2002 and October 2004 This project comprised the production of a plan of the villa and elevations of all visible masonry. A programme of fabric analysis was carried out in order to identify areas of the villa with the greatest potential for Roman masonry to survive undisturbed. {Source Work 17607}. 2004 - This area was mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the English Heritage: Gloucestershire NMP project. The presented foundations and buildings covering mosaics of Chedworth villa are visible on aerial photographs. {Source Works 4249, 7549 and 3266} 2005 - Excavation within the North Wing revealed structures believed to be connected with water-management. {Source Works 16336.} 2007 - An evaluation was undertaken at Chedworth Roman Villa in 2007. Natural substrate was encountered at the limit of excavation in trial pits 4-6 and was overlain by a buried topsoil which contained Romano-British material and which was sealed below a substantial deposit of colluvium that appeared to post-date the villa period. {Source Work 9685.} 2009 - An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology between the 7th to 9th April 2009 at Chedworth Roman Villa. Colluvium was encountered at the limit of excavation in both trial pits. In trial pit 1 a limestone and mortar deposit orientated north/south may represent the remains of subdivision within the courtyard of the villa running north from the southern range or a structure within the courtyard. In trial pit 2 a probable east/west orientated robber trench may indicate eastward continuation of the southern wall of the southern range of the villa. The colluvium and/or Roman deposits in both trial pits were sealed by limestone rubble, possibly derived from Victorian excavations which had been used to landscape the garden around the Victorian Lodge. These deposits were overlain by concrete and tarmac of the existing driveway. {Source Work 9736.} 2009 - Eight trial pits revealed Roman deposits in trenches 3-8. Make up deposits or demolition debris were identified in trial pits 3, 4 and 8. Intact fabric of the south wall of the South Range corridor was identified within trial pit 5. A well-preserved section of mortar floor, overlain by charcoal lenses was identified in trial pit 6. A well-preserved crushed-tile deposit associated with an intact limestone step structure was identified in trial pit 7. Deposits probably derived from Victorian or modern excavation at the site were identified in trial pits 1, 2 and 4 (overlying Roman deposits in the latter), although these deposits may date to the Roman period. Roman and later deposits exposed within the trial pits were sealed by stony soil deposits possibly derived from Victorian excavations, overlain by modern topsoil and tarmac deposits. {Source Work 9867.} 2009 - A watching brief was maintained by Cotswold Archaeology during the groundworks associated with the installation of new underground services at Chedworth Roman villa, Chedworth, from 17 November 2009 to 5 March 2010. Some 17 trenches were monitored; the trenches revealed substantial quantities of limestone rubble from 19th century excavations of the villa site and other 19th century features, as well as robber trenches of Roman villa remains. The work carried out reached various depths and natural was not reached throughout all the areas monitored. The size of the trenches is not stated within the report. {Source Work 10097.} 2010 - Evaluation and watching brief work undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in the basement of Chedworth Lodge has recorded a series of leveling deposits for the building to be largely composed of materials excavated, including many finds, from the core of the villa remains proper. Occasional 19th century finds are also included within these layers confirming the recent origin of these layers, whose dating was at first uncertain in the limited nature of the single trial pit excavated at first. {Source Works 10111 and 10241.} 2010 - Further archaeological recording and evaluation work was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology at close to the junction of the southern and western ranges as a series of four trenches and two trial pits. These small trenches revealed floor surfaces, stone drain, wall foundations and a base of an oven of probable Roman date. These features may have been remodelled in the 19th or 20th century for the display of the site, though all of them were only partially excavated. {Source Work 10396. } 2010 - A ground penetrating radar survey was carried out by GSB Prospection Ltd on 28 June 2010 within the interior of Rooms VII and VIII in the western range of the villa to establish the presence of any significant voids surviving below the current ground level. This work suggests that the current ground level is composed of reinstated backfill materials which overlies building rubble and patches of surviving Roman flooring. This work suggests that there are no large voids within the area surveyed. {Source Work 11397.} Coins from the site have been examined and tabulated with a summary article of finds from across Britain of Roman coin assemblages by Reece. {Source Works 10509 and 10794.} Source Work 7408 records the following finds deposited at Cheltenham Museum. Romano-British pottery, copper alloy and iron small finds, cast of Chi-Rho (1912.126.1-3, 1926.26.28, 1930.56 & 1980.2-44) 2010 - Excavations were carried out within the West range of Chedworth Roman Villa by the National Trust as part of works to install a new cover building over the west range, the new building enables the display of a substantial amount of mosaic flooring which has lain covered since their initial discovery in 1864. The works involved uncovering previously found, but preserved and sealed, mosaics in rooms 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 6a, 7, 8 and along the internal corridor of the West range. {Source Work 43124.} 2010 - "Measured survey of the two cover buildings of the west range of the village and the production of black and white and digital photographic records with the aim of assessing the construction and historic phasing of the cover buildings and the provision of a record of the buildings prior to their demolition to fulfil Scheduled Monument Consent conditions." {Quoted from, and more information in, Source Work 12194.} 2011 - excavation of a trench south-west corner of Room 3, Chedworth Roman Villa, Chedworth. An evaluation was required in Room 3 to determine the levels of the surviving Roman floor. The earliest visible features were the remains of the Roman south and west walls of Room 3 abutted by a mortar floor [306]. The floor is traceable for 2.9m west from the SW corner along the line of the south wall before a ragged break where it has been dug away at some time. Full details available in Source Work 12195. 2011 - A small excavation was carried out at the entrance to the West Range corridor, Chedworth Villa. This is a 1.88m wide gap through the corridor east wall leading from the courtyard/garden. The east wall is a Victorian rebuild on the footings of the Roman wall and it was unclear whether the present gap in the wall represented the original Roman entrance to the corridor. The excavation became necessary to understand the survival and depth of archaeology at this location to enable the architect to make a decision regarding visitor access. The excavation demonstrated that significant Roman structural remains existed at a shallow depth there. {Quoted from Source Work 12196.} 2011 - A watching brief was maintained on 2 trenches at Chedworth Roman villa. A Roman rubble surface with fragments of mortar, limestone and two fragments of 4th century Black Burnished Ware 'dog bowls' was identified. {Source Work 12198.} 2011 - Excavations for a service trench revealed various features although, without further excavation these are not easily explained. Of particular interest were features cutting into the upper edge of the quarry for the villa and the terrace immediately west of it. The date and reason for this terrace were unclear but if this area was levelled in the Roman period then it is possible that structure or structures existed here. The cutting [515] may be part of a robbed out foundation trench, later backfilled and then cut into by a ditch [511]. The lower ditch [507] with its curved profile may have been truncated by the cutting for the villa construction [516] but is more likely to post-date this. {Source Work 12199.} 2011 - A watching brief was undertaken on work to unpick walls and remove concrete edging at Chedworth Roman Villa, Chedworth. No significant archaeology was encountered in any of the three areas. More information in Source Work 12200. 2011 - Watching brief on the cutting for the new education block at Chedworth Roman Villa, Chedworth. The only archaeological remains discovered were interpreted as a fragment of cobble surface and a post-hole dating from the Victorian period and presumably relating to the stable that occupied this area and is shown on OS maps and aerial photographs up to the mid-20th century. The ruin was removed by the National Trust (1990s?). cf0 {Source Work 12193.} 2011 - The Room 6 mosaic, covered with a conservation covering in 2001, was excavated and cleaned for conservation in advance of its display in July 2012 when the new West Range cover building is completed. No significant archaeology other than the mosaic itself was discovered. In Room 3 the levels needed to be altered to allow a model of the villa to be located there. {Source Work 12201.} 2012 - Evaluation of the mosaic remains in Room 6 and the corridor of the west range at Chedworth Roman Villa. Details of the mosaic and associated features are available in Source Work 12204. 2012 - A watching brief at Chedworth Roman Villa was undertaken during work in February 2012. The work was to install 5 new lightning rods, replace some concrete steps and replace some signs. Only two of the 5 eventual lightning rod holes revealed any archaeology. Rod two encountered a culvert or possible stock hole uncovered previously by Roger Goodburn and was moved away from the building and Rod 5 identified the edge of a probable quarry also identified by Goodburn. More details in Source Work 12203. 2012 - On 9th January, Martin Papworth was asked to carry out a watching brief during final ground works, part of the West Range Cover Building construction project. Work was undertaken on the path on north side Room 3, during landscaping of the west side of new villa model base and on the step creation north-west of the 1975 reception building slope. No significant archaeological remains were located. More detail in Source Work 12202. 2013 - An archaeological excavation was undertaken by the National Trust between 19th and 30th August 2013. The 2013 excavation revealed and recorded the south ends of baths first excavated and described by Sir Ian Richmond, the west apsidal bath in 1958 and the east rectangular bath in 1961. Their stone footings were photographed and drawn and two phases of use were seen. These consisted of an upper level of distinctive orange mortar and a lower level of white mortar. In the west apsidal bath the orange mortar floor supported three contemporary surviving mortar filled box flue-tile pilae retained as part of the later blocking wall. Similar pilae did not survive on the orange floor in the south end of the east bath but Richmond considered the east bath to be typically located to serve as the warm bath and observed pilae north of his rebuilt blocking wall [N19]. Therefore both 19b and 19c had underfloor heating in this later phase. As the stoke-hole and fuel store (Room 19) for these rooms lay on the west side, the room closest to the heat source (the apsidal west room) would be the hot room (caldarium) and that to the east the warm room (tepidarium). This side by side arrangement in villa baths is seen in many places, a good example is the mid-2nd century bathhouse at Truckle Hill near North Wraxall, Wiltshire {Source Work 13891. } 2014 - An archaeological excavation was undertaken by the National Trust between 18th and 30th August 2014. During the last two weeks of August 2014, an area excavated by Sir Ian Richmond in August 1963 was re-examined. This is the second of a five-year research programme approved by Historic England to prepare for a new protective structure. If the funds can be raised, this building will enable the conservation, interpretation and display of significant additional features now covered by tarmac and turf. This North Range project work follows on from the successful completion of the West Range protective cover building which was opened to visitors in 2012. Investigations took place to determine the position and condition of footings revealed by Sir Ian Richmond. This is in the area known as 25b, that is, immediately east of the elevated 4th century baths 21 and south of the apsidal room 24. The area excavated in 2014 measured 8m east to west by 11m. Richmond interpreted the walls he found in August 1963 as relating to the earliest phases of the villa’s bathing suite. In November of the same year, he marked out the lines of the footings in concrete. Although no photographs have been found of this work, a plan of Richmond’s excavations has recently been located within his archive held at the Sackler Library, Oxford University. This shows the location of four small trenches placed at the junctions of anticipated walls. The concrete wall lines defined five turfed spaces interpreted as rooms within the early baths {Source Work 13915.} Heritage at Risk Register 2015 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 13737.} 2015 - Excavation of rooms 21 and 24 at Chedworth Roman Villa, between the 17th and 28th of August. This was the third of a five-year programme of work by the National Trust. Five trenches labelled A to E were excavated in rooms 21 and 24. A sixth, trench F, was excavated within a water feature to the south and reported on in the report for season 2, 2014. (Details of findings in HER24052.) {Source Work 17247.} Heritage at Risk Register 2016 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 14393. } HER 24054 DESCRIPTION: 2016 - Excavation of room 21, the East Gallery, south of room 19 and Nymphaeum at Chedworth Roman Villa, between the 15th and 26th of August. This was the fourth of a five-year programme of work by the National Trust. Five new trenches labelled A, C, D, E and F were excavated and the area between trenches B and C from the previous year's excavation was excavated to join them. Detail in HER24054. {Source Work 17250.} Heritage at Risk Register 2017 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 14868.} 2017 - Excavation in rooms 25, 27, 28, 29, 29a and 30, to the north of room 30 and in the North Range corridor at Chedworth Roman Villa, between the 14th of August and 1st of September. This was the fifth of a five-year programme of work by the National Trust. (Details of excavation findings in HER 24064.) {Source Work 17269.} Heritage at Risk Register 2018 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 15524. } 2018 - An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the removal of an existing timber classroom and its replacement with a larger timber classroom at Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire. Two undated deposits, containing occasional flecks of charcoal and mortar, were identified overlying the natural substrate in two foundation trenches excavated within the north-eastern part of the new building footprint. The function of these deposits remains unclear; however they may represent episodes of colluviation or a buried soil horizon. No further features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during the groundworks, and no artefactual material was recovered {Source Work 15518.} 2018 - Excavation carried out in order to fully expose the mosaic in room 25b and the corridor immediately to its east, at Chedworth Roman Villa. Excavation of room 25b and the corridor immediately to its east revealed a mosaic of 18m x 6m running between the two, consisting of a central rectangular panel and a square panel at each end. Whilst much of this had been exposed in previous excavations on the site, the eastern part of the mosaic in the corridor was partly overlain by a post-Roman rubble layer containing three late 4th century coins (Gratian AD375-383 and House of Theodosius AD388-407) and a carved stone end stop from a stone side table. A small trench was also excavated to the south of this to examine the junction between the villa's north range and the wall of the east gallery. This trench encountered a ruble layer containing a large quantity of blue painted plaster and two rim-sherds of 2nd century Black burnished ware. On top of this rubble was a coin of Tetricus I (AD271-4). Revoval of the rubble revealed a stone spout in the eastern gallery wall, positioned over a stone tank, and a contemporary limestone slab floor. Two trenches south of the nymphaeum established that the villa's precinct wall stops between 5m and 13m south of the nymphaeum's southwest corner. {Source Work 16835.} 2019 - An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the resurfacing of an informal footpath at Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire. An artefactually undated limestone wall, most probably representing part of a Roman boundary formerly depicted on a late 19th-century plan of the villa complex, was partially exposed at a depth of 0.2m below present ground level. {Source Work 15898.} 2019 - This monument was previously recorded within the Historic England National Record of the Historic Environment. That record, formerly held within the AMIE database, is quoted below: (SP 05271347) Roman Villa (GS) (1) (See pamphlet) (2) Chedworth Roman Villa - Bibliography Excavation Reports (4) (5) (6) (7) Description and Plan. (3-9) Chedworth Roman Villa remains, are as described in the National Trust Official Guide (2). The site is maintained in excellent order, and is, together with the Museum, open to the public for most of the year. Resurveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. Post Office engineers, when erecting a pole (at SP 05381345) outside the SE corner of the property, exposed Roman walling for a depth of several feet, probably part of the south wing (a). There are no plans for the excavation of this wing at the present time. (10-11) SP 052 134. Listed excavations were undertaken between 1979 and 1986 on the entrance and portico of the east side of the villa. The original structure was a single wall revetting a terraced courtyard. It was constructed in the early 2nd Century. Further terracing was executed when the portico and entrance were laid out in their latest form. The later discovery of a possible step, a sill wall and 2 layers of concrete flooring confirmed the relationship of the terrace to the secondary portico entrance. The south end of the east wall of the east portico as revealed to have been rebuilt on the wrong line in 1949. This mistake was rectified. (11-14) Limited excavation in room 6. (see plan appended to card), which lies towards the centre of the west wing, in 1980, showed that it had formerly been larger but had been divided by an E-W wall, built to create an entrance passage at its southern end. (12) SO 052 134. Consolidation of the stoking area of the northern bath suite in 1988 revealed it to be later than the E - W boundary wall between it and the nymphaeum to the west. Both were built on an area covered with charcoal-stained soil and stone, possibly from a nearby kiln. (12-14) SP 052 134. Drainage work undertaken in 1982 intersected Roman walls and metalling on the line of the villa's southern ranges, in the area of the supposed outer yard. These remains lay c64m E of the most easterly room previously known in the S wing. At least 4 successive structures, dating from the 2nd to late 4th Centuries were revealed. In the final phases a building with a channelled hypocaust, apparently disused by c AD350, was demolished and replaced by a rough dry-stone wall, probably also of Roman origin. (14) Webster has advanced the theory that Chedworth Roman villa may, in fact, have been a tempelbezirk or pilgrim's hostel, and part of a larger religious complex of which temple SP 01 SE 9 also formed a component. This idea is disputed by King who argues that the plan of the building compares satisfactorily with other undisputed villa sites in Britain. (15-16) The presented foundations and buildings covering mosaics of Chedworth villa are also visible on aerial photographs. (18) {Source Work 4249.} Heritage at Risk Register 2019 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 16466. } List of photographs from AMIE database P00284 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA P00285 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00286 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOULDING H.P.3 F11 1/25TH DULL 14:30HRS P00287 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA:COLUMN BASE HP3 F11 1/25TH DULL 14:30HRS P00288 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA:COLONNADE H.P.3 F11 1/25TH DULL 14:30HRS P00289 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA:COLUMN BASE HP3 F11 1/25TH DULL 14:30HRS Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00290 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00291 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00292 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00293 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TEPIDARIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00294 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00295 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: APODYTERIUM MOSAIC H.P.3 P00296 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: APODYTERIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00297 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00298 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00299 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00300 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC H.P.3 F12 1 SEC RATHER POORLY LIT INTERIOR 14:30HRS P00301 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC-SPRING H.P.3 F13 1 SEC RATHER POORLY LIT INTERIOR 14:30HRS P00302 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC-WINTER H.P.3 F13 1 SEC RATHER POORLY LIT INTERIOR 14:30HRS P00303 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00906 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00907 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00908 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00909 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00910 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00911 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00912 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00913 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Original negative held by: UNKNOWN P00914 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00915 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00916 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P00917 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNOriginal negative held by: UNKNOWN P45161 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA:TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Original negative held by: UNKNOWN AA46/08959 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Donor: UNKNOWN AA46/08960 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWN AA46/09019 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Donor: UNKNOWN AA46/09020 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: FRIGIDARIUM MOSAIC Donor: UNKNOWN AA54/04630 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TEPIDARIUM MOSAIC Donor: UNKNOWN AA54/04631 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: APODYTERIUM Donor: UNKNOWN AA54/04632 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: APODYTERIUM Donor: UNKNOWN AA54/04633 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC Donor: UNKNOWN AA65/01595 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA65/01596 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA65/01597 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA67/00447 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA67/00448 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA71/02708 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN AA71/04961 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00956 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00957 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00958 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00959 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00960 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA AA72/00961 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 11 TEPIDARIUM MOSAIC AA81/00006 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: BATH MOSAIC AA81/00007 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: TRICLINIUM MOSAIC AA81/00008 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB35/00491 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB35/00492 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN BB35/00493 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN BB35/00494 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB35/00495 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN BB35/00496 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN BB35/00497 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Photographer: UNKNOWNDonor: UNKNOWNCopyright: UNKNOWN BB55/00583 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00584 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00585 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00586 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB55/00587 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: HOT BATH BB55/00588 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: BATHS BB55/00589 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00590 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00591 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00592 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00593 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB55/00594 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: FRIGIDARIUM MOSAIC BB55/00595 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB55/00596 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB55/00597 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB55/00598 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC OF WINTER BB55/00599 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB55/00600 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC BB68/01085 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA Original negative held by: UNKNOWN BB70/03889 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM BB70/03890 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSAIC BB70/03891 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSAIC BB70/03892 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC BB70/03893 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSAIC BB70/03894 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC AUTUMN IN NE BB70/03895 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC SUMMER IN NW BB70/03896 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: APODYTERIUM MOSAIC BB70/03897 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 11 TEPIDARIUM MOSAIC BB70/03898 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 14 MOSAIC FRIGIDARIUM IN WEST WING, DAMAGED AT NORTH END BB71/00001 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: PLAN BY GOODBURN,R. FOR NATIONAL TRUST BB71/00002 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: PLAN BY GOODBURN,R. FOR NATIONAL TRUST BB71/04008 GRAVE CROSS IN CHEDWORTH MUSEUM CATALOGUE NO. 143 BB71/04009 GRAVE CROSS IN CHEDWORTH MUSEUM CATALOGUE NO. 143 BB71/04010 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATHS, FROM SOUTH EAST BB71/04011 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATHS: COLUMN FRAGMENT BB71/04012 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATH WEST COLUMN BASE IN SITU BB71/04013 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATHS: COLUMN BASE IN SITU BB71/04014 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATHS COLUMN FRAG.2ND FROM E. BB71/04015 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING WEST RECEPTION RM HYPOCAUST BB71/04016 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB71/04017 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING, EAST END LATER DINING ROOM FROM WEST BB71/04018 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING, EAST END LATER DINING ROOM FROM SOUTH BB71/04019 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING RECEPTION ROOM: HEATING DUCT STONEWORK BB71/04020 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING RECEPTION ROOM SHOWING HEATING DUCTS BB71/04021 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING RECEPTION ROOM: HEATING DUCT STONEWORK BB71/04022 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING HYPOCAUST PILLARS BB71/04023 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING LATER COLONNADE FRONTING SWEDISH BATHS FROM SOUTH EAST BB71/04525 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB71/04526 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA BB71/05440 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 24 RECEPTION ROOM: HYPOCAUST PILLAE BY WEST WALL BB71/05441 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 24 RECEPTION ROOM: HYPOCAUST PILLAE IN SOUTH EAST CORNER BB71/05442 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING SWEDISH BATH FRAGMENTS BB71/05443 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING SWEDISH BATH FRAGMENTS BB72/01945 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 22 SWEDISH BATH HOT ROOM FROM S.E. BB72/01946 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 22 SWEDISH BATH HOT ROOM FROM N.E. BB72/01947 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 22 SWEDISH BATHS HOT ROOM: SOUTH HEARTH MOSAIC BORDER BB72/01948 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 22 SWEDISH BATHS HOT ROOM: NORTH HEARTH BY NORTH WALL BB72/01949 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 22 SEWDISH BATHS HOT ROOM DOORWAY AND PAVEMENT BB72/04146 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: PAVEMENT IN CORRIDOR LEADING TO ROOM 14 FOX COLLECTION CHEDWORTH NO 2 (SOC. OF ANTS. LIBRARY) BB73/00225 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSAIC BB73/01225 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC BB73/01226 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS EXTERNAL DETAIL OF NORTHERN HYPOCAUST COLUMN BUILT INTO W WALL BB73/01227 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS EXTERNAL DETAIL OF SOUTHERN HYPOCAUST COLUMN BUILT INTO W WALL BB73/01228 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS INTERNAL DETAIL OF SOUTHERN HYPOCAUST COLUMN BUILT INTO W WAL BB73/01229 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS INTERNAL DETAIL OF NORTHERN HYPOCAUST COLUMN BUILT INTO W WALL BB73/01230 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS INTERNAL: HYPOCAUST COLUMNS BUILT INTO SOUTH END OF WEST WALL BB73/01231 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: NORTH WING ROOM 19 SWEDISH BATHS EXTERNAL: HYPOCAUST COLUMNS BUILT INTO SOUTH END OF WEST WALL BB73/01232 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: STATUE BASE (CATALOGUE NUMBER 1582) BB73/01233 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: STATUE BASE (CATALOGUE NUMBER 1581) BB73/01392 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 MOSAIC BB73/01393 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC BB73/01394 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 TRICLINIUM MOSIAC BB73/01686 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: ROOM 5 MOSAIC BB76/05553 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA:HYPOCAUST IN TEPIDARIUM H.P.3 F11 8 SECS POORLY LIT INT. 14:00HRS COPY NEG 25/08/76 BB78/07893K CHEDWORTH(1) ROMAN VILLA, CHEDWORTH WOODS BB78/07910K MONUMENTS IN CHEDWORTH AND YANWORTH BB79/03945 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA: MOSAIC 19 MEANDER PATTERN BY NEAL,D.S. CC72/02011 The excavated walls of Chedworth Roman Villa CC72/02012 A general view showing the remains of Chedworth Roman Villa CC72/02013 The remains of a hypocaust in one of the rooms at Chedworth Roman Villa {Source Work 15387.} Heritage at Risk Register 2020 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 17056.} Heritage at Risk Register 2021 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 17405.} Cross Referenced to the following National Trust HER references: f3 MNA147601, MNA147603, MNA147604, MNA147605, MNA147606, MNA147607, MNA147608, MNA147609, MNA147610, MNA147611, MNA147612, MNA147613, MNA147614, MNA147615, MNA147616, MNA147617, MNA147618, MNA147619, MNA147620, MNA147621, MNA147622, MNA147623, MNA147624, MNA147625, MNA147626, MNA147627, MNA147628, MNA147629, MNA147630, MNA147631, MNA147632, MNA147633, MNA147634, MNA147635, MNA147636, MNA147637, MNA147638, MNA147639, MNA147640, MNA147641, MNA147642, MNA147643, MNA147644, MNA147645, MNA147646, MNA147647, MNA148200, MNA148201, MNA148202, MNA148203, MNA148204, MNA148205, MNA148206, MNA148211, MNA148212, MNA148213, MNA148214, MNA148215, MNA148216, MNA148217, MNA148219, MNA148220, MNA148221, MNA148222, MNA148223, MNA148225, MNA148227, MNA182831. {Source Work 17874.} Heritage at Risk Register 2022 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 17931.} Heritage at Risk Register 2023 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry {Source Work 18159. Heritage at Risk Register 2024 Generally satisfactory but with significant localised problems - rain entry. There are on-going concerns for the condition of the newly exposed mosaics in the West Range. Further investigations and monitoring will be done to understand the problems and find a solution. This summer will be the last season of investigations on the North Range to investigate the archaeology and the condition of the mosaics. National Trust are undertaking a feasibility study about the future presentation and conservation of the North Range {Source Work 18467.} |