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Summary

Ridges made for improved drainage and soil depth within an orchard of probable post-medieval to 19th century date were visible on aerial photographs of the 1940s onwards and digital images derived from lidar data captured between 1998 and 2017 as earthwork banks on the east facing combe slopes south-east of Gappah Cross.

Location

Protected Status: none recorded

Other References/Statuses: none recorded

Monument Type(s) and Dates

• ORCHARD (Post Medieval to XX - 1540 AD to 1904 AD (Between))

Full description

South West Heritage Trust, 1838-1848, Digitised Tithe Maps and Transcribed Apportionments (Cartographic). SDV359954.

The banks fall within a larger plot listed as Headland Orchard (Plot 155).

Ordnance Survey, 1880-1899, First Edition Ordnance 25 inch map (Cartographic). SDV336179.

The banks fall within a larger plot depicted as an orchard.

Ordnance Survey, 1904 - 1906, Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map (Cartographic). SDV325644.

The orchard has been cleared.

Royal Air Force, 1946, RAF/CPE/UK/1824, RAF/CPE/UK/1824 RP 3091-3092 04-NOV-1946 (Aerial Photograph). SDV352344.

The banks are visible as earthworks.

Environment Agency, 1998-2017, LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) EA: South Devon Coast to Dartmoor, LIDAR SX8677 Environment Agency DTM 01-JAN-1998 to 31-MAY-2017 (Cartographic). SDV361470.

The banks are visible as earthworks.

Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R., 2018-2019, The South Devon Coast to Dartmoor Aerial Investigation and Mapping Survey. Area 1, Haldon Ridge to Dart Valley (Interpretation). SDV361305.

Curvilinear parallel ridges 3 to 7 metres wide and aligned cross-contour were visible on aerial photographs of 1946 as earthwork banks extending over a plot circa 0.25ha in area on the south-east facing combe slopes north Gappah Lane, Kingsteignton. The plot in which the banks were visible corresponds with the eastern end of a larger plot listed as an orchard on the Tithe Map for Kingsteignton (Plot 155). The plot remains depicted as an orchard on the Ordnance Survey 25-inch First Edition map but the orchard is not shown on the 25-inch Second Edition map.
The banks are interpreted as the remains of earthworks made to enhance drainage and provide additional depth of soil within a previously more extensive orchard of probable post-medieval to early 19th century date. The 19th to 20th century map evidence might support the interpretation that the banks predate circa 1840 and that the orchard was cleared between circa 1880 and 1904, the plot reduced in size and the western end incorporated into the adjacent plot, with banks in this area subsequently levelled.
The remaining banks are clearly visible as earthworks on digital images derived from lidar data captured between 1998 and 2017.

Sources / Further Reading

SDV325644	Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1904 - 1906. Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Map (Digital).
SDV336179	Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1880-1899. First Edition Ordnance 25 inch map. First Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Map (Digital).
SDV352344	Aerial Photograph: Royal Air Force. 1946. RAF/CPE/UK/1824. Royal Air Force Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). RAF/CPE/UK/1824 RP 3091-3092 04-NOV-1946.
SDV359954	Cartographic: South West Heritage Trust. 1838-1848. Digitised Tithe Maps and Transcribed Apportionments. Tithe Map and Apportionment. Digital.
SDV361305	Interpretation: Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R.. 2018-2019. The South Devon Coast to Dartmoor Aerial Investigation and Mapping Survey. Area 1, Haldon Ridge to Dart Valley. Historic England Research Report. Digital.
	Linked documents:1
SDV361470	Cartographic: Environment Agency. 1998-2017. LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) EA: South Devon Coast to Dartmoor. Environment Agency LiDAR data. Digital. LIDAR SX8677 Environment Agency DTM 01-JAN-1998 to 31-MAY-2017. [Mapped feature: #114212 ]

Associated Monuments: none recorded

Associated Finds: none recorded

Associated Events

• EDV7515 - The South Devon Coast to Dartmoor Aerial Investigation and Mapping (formerly NMP) Survey (Ref: ACD1748)

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