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Summary

Cropmarks which have formed over infilled ditches of a possible Romano-British to sub-Roman enclosure are visible on aerial photographs of 1966 onwards, to the northwest of Hayes Farm. The enclosure is located in an area where a large number of other such cropmarks have been recorded, including a number of other enclosures, as well as numerous ring ditches.

Location

Protected Status: none recorded

Other References/Statuses

• National Monuments Record: 1048847
• Old DCC SMR Ref: SX99SE/155

Monument Type(s) and Dates

• ENCLOSURE (Post Roman - 410 AD (Between) to 700 AD (Between)) + Sci.Date

Full description

Devon County Council, Devon Air Photograph Transcriptions (Cartographic). SDV344181.

Map object previously based on this Source.

Ordnance Survey, 1966, OS/66/185/360 (Aerial Photograph). SDV130131.

Cropmark enclosure above the River Clyst plain. Joined by square enclosure (see PRN 43217). Does not appear on the other side of the road. Site lies to the north of Hayes Farm. The aerial photograph was taken at a height of 7500m & retained at Ordnance Survey in Southampton. Other details: Interpreted by Balkwill.

Griffith, F. M., 1979, Untitled Source (Site Visit). SDV122351.

Nothing visible on the ground in rather wet ground conditions. Heavy scatters of modern pottery. The subsoil is gravel, and a proposal for gravel extraction has been made affecting this field.

Griffith, F. M., 1983, DAP/A, 25a (Aerial Photograph). SDV122353.

Griffith, F. M., 1983, Slides (Photograph). SDV122359.

Slides in possession of F. M. Griffith.

Grinsell, L. V., 1983, The Barrows of South and East Devon, 31 (Article in Serial). SDV337013.

Griffith, F. M., 1983, Untitled Source (Site Visit). SDV122804.

Photos taken. Other details: Also visited on 14/8/1983.

Devon County Council, 1984, DAP 3520, DAP 3520/10 03-JUL-1984 (AX) (Aerial Photograph). SDV358840.

Cropmarks which have formed over infilled ditches are visible. Map object based on this source.

Griffith, F. M., 1984, DAP/AX, 10, 10a (Aerial Photograph). SDV122839.

Griffith, F. M., 1984, DAP/W, 2a & 3 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122360.

Aerial reconnaissance in 1984 identified further features. Devon Aerial Photograph W2a and 3 show sites as above: later photography (also 1984) observed complex intersecting enclosures against the road to the south of the area.

Griffith, F. M., 1987, DAP/JA, 8 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122371.

Simpson, S. + Griffith, F. M. + Holbrook, N. + Pearson, T., 1987, Trial excavations at Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton,1987: Interim report (Report - Excavation). SDV325452.

Frere, S. S., 1988, Roman Britain in 1987. Sites Explored (Article in Serial). SDV99889.

Simpson, S. J. + Griffith, F. M. + Holbrook, N., 1989, The Prehistoric, roman and early Post-Roman site at Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton, 1-28 (Article in Serial). SDV130135.

Large enclosure straddles two fields. Straight west side with entrance, rounded north and east sides. Part of cropmark excavated in 1987 in advance of gravel extraction and road realignment. Overlies Roman enclosure PRN 43217. Dimensions c90m east-west and c60m north-south (visible). Steep and deep ditch profile, V-shaped, 2.2 - 3.7m wide and 1.2 - 1.5m deep. Rapid filling suggestive of internal bank slumping into ditch. Upper levels truncated and no internal features identified. Two sherds of residual Roman pot retrieved from east side, near to Roman enclosure. Some charcoal produced C14 date of cal AD 390-630, which may be a date range within which the infilling of the ditch occurred. Early-sub-Roman date suggested.

Horner, B., 1992, DAP/VC, 27-30 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122366.

Horner, B., 1992, DAP/VE, 5-9 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122367.

Horner, B., 1992, DAP/VG, 28-9 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122368.

Horner, B., 1992, DAP/VO, 17-19 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122355.

Continuation of enclosure south of the lane recorded on 1992 aerial photographs (clearest on DAP/VO 17-19).

Griffith, F. M., 1996, DAP/AAA, 7-13 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122376.

Griffith, F. M., 1996, DAP/AAS, Devon County Council DAP/AAS 5 23-JUL-1996 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122377.

Cropmarks which have formed over infilled ditches are visible. Map object based on this source.

Horner, B., 1996, DAP/ZT, 0-7 (Aerial Photograph). SDV122375.

Quinnell, H., 1998, Later Prehistoric Pottery Survey (Report - Survey). SDV336212.

2 sherds of middle/late Iron Age, late Iron Age pot, recovered from evaluation trench. Now with Cotswold Archaeological Trust - final location Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter. Other details: DBID: 1451.

Morton, R., 1999, Clyst Honiton to Broadclyst pipeline: archaeological desk based assessment (Report - Assessment). SDV118377.

RSK Environment Ltd., 1999, Transco Broadclyst LDZ pipeline, Exeter: Environmental review, 11 (Report - non-specific). SDV325506.

Barber, A., 2000, Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton: Archaeological excavation Phase I, 7 (Report - Excavation). SDV325465.

Salvatore, J. P., 2001, Bronze Age round barrow cemetery, Romano-British settlement remains & post-Roman enclosure, 300m NNW of Hayes Farm (Un-published). SDV325450.

The monument includes a group of Bronze Age round barrows, a square settlement enclosure of Romano-British date, a post-Roman curvilinear enclosure & further enclosures & features considered to be associated mostly with the Romano-British period. Draft monument description of the features which were never scheduled. Other details: Draft.

Bryant, A., 2007, East of Exeter Major Scheme Bid M5 Junction 29 and Old A30, Exeter, Devon: Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment, 8-99 (Report - Assessment). SDV345164.

Other details: Appendix 1, site 57; figure 3.

Hegarty, C. + Knight, S. + Sims, R., 2014-2015, East and Mid Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Project (Interpretation). SDV356883.

Cropmarks which have formed over infilled ditches of a possible Romano-British to sub-Roman enclosure are visible on aerial photographs of 1966 onwards, to the northwest of Hayes Farm. The large sub-oval shaped enclosure measures approximately 100m in length by approximately 77m in width, with an entrance present along the western, straighter enclosure side. The enclosure intersects with two rectilinear enclosures to both the northeast and south and although no clear relationship is visible between them on aerial photographs, partial excavations carried out in 1987 suggest an early to sub Roman date. The enclosure is located in an area where a large number of other such cropmarks have been recorded, including a number of other enclosures, as well as numerous ring ditches. The area forms part of an important prehistoric and Romano-British landscape and has been subject to fairly extensive aerial survey.

Randall, C. + Orellana, J., 2023, Prehistoric, Roman and Early Medieval Landscapes at Hayes Farm: Excavations at Exeter Logistics Park, 53; Figs 4, 9 (Article in Serial). SDV366041.

Towards the central part of Area 2 was the large sub-oval ditched Enclosure C, 97m by 82m. Part of the NE circuit was excavated in 1987, and a post-Roman date was based on its stratigraphic relationship with Enclosure B (MDV43217), two abraded sherds of Roman pottery and a radiocarbon date from a charcoal sample.
In 2020 Enclosure C was almost entirely exposed within the Area 2 excavation. The course of its ditch was confirmed on its SW side. The enclosure adhered well to the shape seen in the cropmarks, being oval with a flattened western side where the entrance was located and defined by two steeply cut terminals. No evidence for a contemporary bank was identified. It was stratigraphically later than the Roman enclosures A and B (MDV79242 and MDV43217), but there were few finds only consisting of several residual sherds of Roman pottery. However a radiocarbon date from part of an assemblage of charred crop-processing waste, the species composition of which is compatible, suggests a post-Roman date.

Sources / Further Reading

SDV118377	Report - Assessment: Morton, R.. 1999. Clyst Honiton to Broadclyst pipeline: archaeological desk based assessment. Cotswold Archeological Trust Report. 991056. A4 Stapled + Digital.
SDV122351	Site Visit: Griffith, F. M.. 1979.
SDV122353	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1983. DAP/A. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 25a.
SDV122355	Aerial Photograph: Horner, B.. 1992. DAP/VO. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 17-19.
SDV122359	Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1983. Slides.
SDV122360	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1984. DAP/W. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 2a & 3.
SDV122366	Aerial Photograph: Horner, B.. 1992. DAP/VC. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 27-30.
SDV122367	Aerial Photograph: Horner, B.. 1992. DAP/VE. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 5-9.
SDV122368	Aerial Photograph: Horner, B.. 1992. DAP/VG. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 28-9.
SDV122371	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1987. DAP/JA. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 8.
SDV122375	Aerial Photograph: Horner, B.. 1996. DAP/ZT. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 0-7.
SDV122376	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1996. DAP/AAA. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). 7-13.
SDV122377	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1996. DAP/AAS. Devon Aerial Photograph. Devon County Council DAP/AAS 5 23-JUL-1996.
SDV122804	Site Visit: Griffith, F. M.. 1983.
SDV122839	Aerial Photograph: Griffith, F. M.. 1984. DAP/AX. Devon Aerial Photograph. 10, 10a.
SDV130131	Aerial Photograph: Ordnance Survey. 1966. OS/66/185/360. Aerial Photograph.
SDV130135	Article in Serial: Simpson, S. J. + Griffith, F. M. + Holbrook, N.. 1989. The Prehistoric, roman and early Post-Roman site at Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton. Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society. 47. 1-28.
SDV325450	Un-published: Salvatore, J. P.. 2001. Bronze Age round barrow cemetery, Romano-British settlement remains & post-Roman enclosure, 300m NNW of Hayes Farm. Monument Protection Programme. Archaeological Item Dataset.. A4 Stapled + Digital.
SDV325452	Report - Excavation: Simpson, S. + Griffith, F. M. + Holbrook, N. + Pearson, T.. 1987. Trial excavations at Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton,1987: Interim report. Exeter Museums Archaeological Field Unit Report. 87.10. A4 Stapled + Digital.
SDV325465	Report - Excavation: Barber, A.. 2000. Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton: Archaeological excavation Phase I. Cotswold Archeological Trust Report. 001127. A4 Stapled + Digital. 7.
SDV325506	Report - non-specific: RSK Environment Ltd.. 1999. Transco Broadclyst LDZ pipeline, Exeter: Environmental review. RSK Environmental Report. A4 Spiral Bound + Digital. 11.
SDV336212	Report - Survey: Quinnell, H.. 1998. Later Prehistoric Pottery Survey. Later Prehistoric Pottery Survey. A4 Spiral Bound.
SDV337013	Article in Serial: Grinsell, L. V.. 1983. The Barrows of South and East Devon. Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society. 41. Paperback Volume. 31.
SDV344181	Cartographic: Devon County Council. Devon Air Photograph Transcriptions. Devon Air Photograph Transcriptions. Map (Digital).
SDV345164	Report - Assessment: Bryant, A.. 2007. East of Exeter Major Scheme Bid M5 Junction 29 and Old A30, Exeter, Devon: Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment. Wessex Archaeology Report. 63771.01. A4 Stapled + Digital. 8-99.
SDV356883	Interpretation: Hegarty, C. + Knight, S. + Sims, R.. 2014-2015. East and Mid Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Project. AC Archaeology Report. Digital.
	Linked documents:1
SDV358840	Aerial Photograph: Devon County Council. 1984. DAP 3520. Devon Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). DAP 3520/10 03-JUL-1984 (AX).
SDV366041	Article in Serial: Randall, C. + Orellana, J.. 2023. Prehistoric, Roman and Early Medieval Landscapes at Hayes Farm: Excavations at Exeter Logistics Park. Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society. 81. Paperback Volume. 53; Figs 4, 9.
SDV99889	Article in Serial: Frere, S. S.. 1988. Roman Britain in 1987. Sites Explored. Britannia. 19. Unknown.

Associated Monuments

Associated Finds

• FDV740 - POT (Iron Age - 700 BC to 42 AD)
• FDV739 - POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)

Associated Events

• EDV3711 - Unnamed Event
• EDV3712 - Unnamed Event
• EDV3713 - DAP/A
• EDV3714 - DAP/W
• EDV3715 - DAP/VO
• EDV3716 - Slides
• EDV3717 - DAP/AX
• EDV3718 - Trial excavations at Hayes Farm,1987: Interim report
• EDV3719 - DAP/VC
• EDV3720 - DAP/VE
• EDV3721 - DAP/VG
• EDV3722 - DAP/JA
• EDV3723 - Transco Broadclyst LDZ pipeline, Exeter: Environmental review
• EDV3724 - Clyst Honiton to Broadclyst pipeline: archaeological desk based assessment
• EDV3725 - DAP/ZT
• EDV3726 - DAP/AAA
• EDV3727 - DAP/AAS
• EDV3728 - Hayes Farm, Clyst Honiton: Archaeological excavation Phase I
• EDV4887 - Assessment Two Areas of Highway to the East of Exeter
• EDV6530 - The East and Mid-Devon Rivers Catchment NMP project (Ref: ACD613)
• EDV9088 - Excavation at Exeter Logistics Park (Phase 2), Hayes Farm, Clyst St. Mary

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