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Summary

Site of former pond, lined with tighly packed cobbles. This pond-like feature is visible as an earthwork pit on aerial photographs of 1947 onwards and may have originally been used as an extraction pit.

Location

Protected Status: none recorded

Other References/Statuses: none recorded

Monument Type(s) and Dates

• EXTRACTIVE PIT (Post Medieval to Modern - 1540 AD to 2013 AD (Between))
• POND (Post Medieval to XXI - 1540 AD to 2009 AD (Between))

Full description

Ordnance Survey, 1880-1899, First Edition Ordnance 25 inch map (Cartographic). SDV336179.

Site of pond marked on 1880s-1890s 25 inch Ordnance Survey map.

Ordnance Survey, 1880-1899, First Edition Ordnance 25 inch map (Cartographic). SDV336179.

The earthwork pit appears to be partly symbolised on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of between the 1880’s-90’s. Map object based on this source.

Royal Air Force, 1947, RAF/CPE/UK/1974 FS, RAF/CPE/UK/1974 FS 2285-86 11-APR-1947 (Aerial Photograph). SDV356987.

The earthwork pit is visible.

Environment Agency, 1998-2012, LiDAR DSM data JPEG image (1m resolution), LIDAR ST0311 Environment Agency JPEG DSM 19-DEC-2005 & 05-MAR-201 (Cartographic). SDV357034.

The earthwork pit is visible. Map object based on this source.

Hollinrake, C. + Hollinrake, N., 2000, An Archaeological and Historical Desk Top Survey of Proposed Development Land at Willand, 19-20 (Report - Assessment). SDV50299.

Pond now silted up.

Jones, P. + Valentin, J., 2006, Archaeological Evaluation of Land at Four Ways Cross, Willand, Devon, 6, 14 (Report - Evaluation). SDV337959.

An archaeological evaluation by means of trench excavation was carried out by Exeter Archaeology on land at Four Ways Cross, Willand. Trench 19 was located in an area which contained a former pond. The lining of the pond was found to comprise tighly packed cobbles. It is suggested that these may have been laid when the nearby public house was used as a coaching inn, with the pond possibly being used to clean the horses.

Next Perspectives, 2010, Aerial Photography for Great Britain, Next Perspectives PGA Imagery ST0311 22-MAY-2010 (Aerial Photograph). SDV356259.

The earthwork pit has been completely levelled and the site developed into an industrial unit.

Hegarty, C. + Knight, S. + Sims, R., 2014-2015, East and Mid Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Project (Interpretation). SDV356883.

An earthwork pit of a possible former extraction pit of probable post-medieval to modern date is visible on aerial photographs of 1947 onwards, to the north of Four Cross Ways. The irregular shaped earthwork, which measures approximately 55m in length by 25m in width, abuts a historic field boundary along its northwest edge and appears to be first partly symbolised on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of between the 1880’s-90’s.The function of this earthwork is, however, largely unclear, although it seems reasonable to argue that it represents a former extraction pit which was later utilised as pond, as has been suggested elsewhere in this record. The earthwork remains visible on digital images derived from Lidar data of between 2005 and 2010, although has been completely levelled and the site developed into a business park by 2010.

Sources / Further Reading

SDV336179	Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1880-1899. First Edition Ordnance 25 inch map. First Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Map (Digital).
SDV337959	Report - Evaluation: Jones, P. + Valentin, J.. 2006. Archaeological Evaluation of Land at Four Ways Cross, Willand, Devon. Exeter Archaeology Report. 06.89. A4 stapled + Digital. 6, 14.
SDV356259	Aerial Photograph: Next Perspectives. 2010. Aerial Photography for Great Britain. Aerial Photography for Great Britain Aerial Photographs. Digital. Next Perspectives PGA Imagery ST0311 22-MAY-2010.
SDV356883	Interpretation: Hegarty, C. + Knight, S. + Sims, R.. 2014-2015. East and Mid Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Project. AC Archaeology Report. Digital.
	Linked documents:1
SDV356987	Aerial Photograph: Royal Air Force. 1947. RAF/CPE/UK/1974 FS. Royal Air Force Aerial Photograph. Photograph (Paper). RAF/CPE/UK/1974 FS 2285-86 11-APR-1947.
SDV357034	Cartographic: Environment Agency. 1998-2012. LiDAR DSM data JPEG image (1m resolution). Environment Agency LiDAR data. Digital. LIDAR ST0311 Environment Agency JPEG DSM 19-DEC-2005 & 05-MAR-201.
SDV50299	Report - Assessment: Hollinrake, C. + Hollinrake, N.. 2000. An Archaeological and Historical Desk Top Survey of Proposed Development Land at Willand. Hollinrake Report. 215. Unknown. 19-20.

Associated Monuments

Associated Finds: none recorded

Associated Events

• EDV4193 - Four Ways Cross, Willand
• EDV6530 - The East and Mid-Devon Rivers Catchment NMP project (Ref: ACD613)
• EDV4704 - Archaeological Excavation at Four Cross Ways, Willand, Devon

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