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HER Number: | MDV5467 |
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Name: | George and Charlotte Mine |
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Summary
George and Charlotte Copper Mine, depicted on historic maps and visible as a series of earthwork features on aerial photographs. These earthworks were mapped as part of the Tamar Valley NMP project. Surface evidence includes a number of shafts and adits, two large water wheel pits and remains of mine buildings.
Location
Grid Reference: | SX 454 698 |
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Map Sheet: | SX46NE |
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Admin Area | Devon |
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Civil Parish | Gulworthy |
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District | West Devon |
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Ecclesiastical Parish | TAVISTOCK |
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Protected Status
- SHINE: Remains of post-medieval George and Charlotte Cooper Mine, including shaft and adit, east of Maddacleave Wood
Other References/Statuses
- Old DCC SMR Ref: SX46NE/510
- SHINE Candidate (Yes)
Monument Type(s) and Dates
- MINE (XVIII to XIX - 1701 AD to 1900 AD)
Full description
Lysons, D. + Lysons, S., 1822, Magna Britannica (Monograph). SDV323771.
Ordnance Survey, 1884, Untitled Source (Cartographic). SDV336661.
Shown as disused on 1884 map, two main buildings shown. Position of two easterly shafts visible, though overgrown apparently.
Collins, J. H., 1895, Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon (Monograph). SDV242421.
Ordnance Survey, 1904 - 1906, Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map (Cartographic). SDV325644.
Map shows areas of quarrying and drains, the north-easterly building is shown and the position of two shafts is clear.
Bawden, M., 1914, Mines and Mining in the Tavistock Mining District, 256 (Article in Serial). SDV345748.
H. M. Stationary Office, 1929, Abandoned Mines (Monograph). SDV215700.
Ramsden, J. V., 1952, Notes on the Mines of Devonshire, 95 (Article in Serial). SDV60737.
G5 George and Charlotte. Copper. Other details: Figure 1.
Ordnance Survey, 1953, Untitled Source (Cartographic). SDV242410.
Modern 25 inch map has details as on earlier 25 inch map but one of the shafts (Emily's) is more clearly shown. 'Old Level' also shown.
Dines, H. G., 1956, The Metalliferous Mining Region of South West England, 676-677 (Monograph). SDV62852.
Worked by 3 adits and 6 shafts, main one called Leys. Technical geological details given.
Booker, F., 1967, Industrial Archaeology of the Tamar Valley, 140-141 (Monograph). SDV240774.
Named after 6th Duke of Bedford and his wife. Produced 16,600 tons of copper between 1851-1868 but made large loss.
Gaskell-Brown, C., 1980, Untitled Source, 37 (Monograph). SDV242404.
A leat taking its water from the Tavistock Canal served the George and Charlotte mine in the 19th century. Sections still visible above New Quay.
Weddell, P. J., 1984, George and Charlotte Mine (Worksheet). SDV345750.
Worksheet has more details, and copy of relevant area of 1906 map showing position of individual shafts.
Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001-2002, Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Transcriptions and Database Records (Interpretation). SDV346287.
An earthwork ditch has been interpreted as a post-medieval trackway.
Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001-2002, Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Transcriptions and Database Records, RAF 540/483/F20/4241-3 (Interpretation). SDV346287.
Earthworks of two spoil-heaps and bank, and earthwork cut features of a shaft and quarry are visible on aerial photographs. The features have been interpreted as being of post-medieval date.
Devon County Council, 2004, Devon County Geological Sites: George and Charlotte Mine (Report - Assessment). SDV345715.
George and Charlotte mine is the only preserved mine in the Tamar Valley, and as well as providing safe opportunities for scientific study underground, it is unique in that managed public access is promoted. Crucially, the lode worked has an unusual sequence of formation, and has yielded a number of rare minerals including the largest known crystals of childrenite in the world.
Buck, C., 2010, George & Charlotte Mine, Morwell, Devon: Archaeological Assessment, 15-18 (Report - Assessment). SDV345606.
The George and Charlotte sett, sited between Sheepridge Wood and Maddacleave Wood is mentioned as Providence Mine in the 18th century, in a document dated to 1718. A mine is also shown on this site by an old Bedford Estate map dated to 1766. George and Charlotte Mine is first mentioned in documentary sources from 1775, and is recorded as being purchased in 1806 by the Tavistock Canal Company, however it was still not working by 1815. At the end of 1846 the old 18th century workings were reopened and amalgamated into the George and Charlotte Mining Company, then in 1851 they were amalgamated with William and Mary Mine under the Devon and Cornwall United Mines. By 1868 the mine had closed down, the peak production being between 1862 to 1867, but was reopened again from 1869 to 1871. In the late 20th century a new access near River Tamar level close to Footway Shaft was created, to utilise an old mine adit (Deep Adit) to provide an underground narrow guage railway for visitors to Morwellham Quay. Other details: Maps and photographs. Map object based on this Source.
Ordnance Survey, 2010, MasterMap (Cartographic). SDV344030.
Map object based on this Source.
Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R., 2016, Backlog Recording of the Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Survey (Personal Comment). SDV359374.
The features appended to this record have a number of individual NMP database records, although all are likely associated with the George and Charlotte Mine. A number of these features are depicted on historic maps and have their own Child records. These Child records have not, however, been individually amended. There also appears to be some discrepancy in accuracy of features mapped during this survey with those that are shown on the modern Ordnance Survey mapping, for example, earthworks associated with Emily shaft (MDV78730). This error is likely due to the scale of base map used during the NMP rectification process. Only part of the photo reference is given in the transcription attributes, so the date of the photographs is not known.
Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R., 2016, Backlog Recording of the Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Survey (Personal Comment). SDV359374.
This earthwork was originally grouped with other features to the south which were clearly associated with New Quay. It seems that this earthwork is, however, more likely part of either George and Charlotte Mine (MDV5467), into which it has now been subsumed, or Tavistock canal leat (MDV19388). Only part of the photo reference is given in the transcription attributes, so the date of the photographs is not known.
Waterhouse, R., 2017, The Tavistock Canal. Its History and Archaeology, 181-2, fig 6.33, 6.37 (Monograph). SDV361789.
Wheal George and Charlotte
The Tavistock Canal Company showed an interest in acquiring this mine as early as 1804 and had purchased it (for £6000) by 1806. Several references in the Company's accounts for expenditure on the mine between 1806-15. Waterhouse discusses relevant features of the mine.
Sources / Further Reading
SDV215700 | Monograph: H. M. Stationary Office. 1929. Abandoned Mines. Abandoned Mines. Unknown. |
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SDV240774 | Monograph: Booker, F.. 1967. Industrial Archaeology of the Tamar Valley. Industrial Archaeology of the Tamar Valley. A5 Hardback. 140-141. |
SDV242404 | Monograph: Gaskell-Brown, C.. 1980. New Quay Devon. An Archaeological and Historical Survey. Unknown. 37. |
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SDV242410 | Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1953. Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Map (Paper). |
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SDV242421 | Monograph: Collins, J. H.. 1895. Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon. Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon. Unknown. |
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SDV323771 | Monograph: Lysons, D. + Lysons, S.. 1822. Magna Britannica. Magna Britannica: A Concise Topographical Account of The Several Counties o. 6: Devonshire. Unknown. |
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SDV325644 | Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1904 - 1906. Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch Map. Map (Digital). |
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SDV336661 | Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1884. First Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch Map. Map (Paper). |
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SDV344030 | Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 2010. MasterMap. Ordnance Survey. Map (Digital). |
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SDV345606 | Report - Assessment: Buck, C.. 2010. George & Charlotte Mine, Morwell, Devon: Archaeological Assessment. Cornwall County Council Report. 2010R122. A4 Stapled + Digital. 15-18. |
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SDV345715 | Report - Assessment: Devon County Council. 2004. Devon County Geological Sites: George and Charlotte Mine. Devon County Council Report. A4 Stapled. |
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SDV345748 | Article in Serial: Bawden, M.. 1914. Mines and Mining in the Tavistock Mining District. Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 46. A5 Hardback. 256. |
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SDV345750 | Worksheet: Weddell, P. J.. 1984. George and Charlotte Mine. Devon County Sites and Monuments Register. Worksheet. |
SDV346287 | Interpretation: Cornwall Archaeological Unit. 2001-2002. Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Transcriptions and Database Records. National Mapping Programme. Map (Digital). RAF 540/483/F20/4241-3. |
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SDV359374 | Personal Comment: Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R.. 2016. Backlog Recording of the Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Survey. Not Applicable. |
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SDV361789 | Monograph: Waterhouse, R.. 2017. The Tavistock Canal. Its History and Archaeology. The Tavistock Canal. Its History and Archaeology. Paperback Volume. 181-2, fig 6.33, 6.37. |
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SDV60737 | Article in Serial: Ramsden, J. V.. 1952. Notes on the Mines of Devonshire. Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 84. A5 Hardback. 95. |
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SDV62852 | Monograph: Dines, H. G.. 1956. The Metalliferous Mining Region of South West England. The metalliferous mining region of South West England. Vol 2. Unknown. 676-677. |
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Associated Monuments
MDV78726 | Parent of: Air Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78698 | Parent of: Balance Bob Housing and Mountings, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78678 | Parent of: Balance Bob Pit in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78686 | Parent of: Balance Bob Pit near Middle Adit Portal, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78738 | Parent of: Braithwaite Header Tank, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78704 | Parent of: Building at Lower Dressing Floor, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78727 | Parent of: Crosscourse Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78734 | Parent of: Deep Adit, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78730 | Parent of: Emily Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78696 | Parent of: Engine Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78735 | Parent of: Footway Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78680 | Parent of: Header Pond in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78695 | Parent of: Header Pond, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78685 | Parent of: Higher Dressing Floor, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78681 | Parent of: Leat in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78681 | Related to: Leat in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV22888 | Parent of: Ley's Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78725 | Parent of: Lode Back Openworks, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78703 | Parent of: Lower Dressing Floor, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78683 | Parent of: Middle Adit, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78690 | Parent of: Mine Building, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78723 | Parent of: Mine Building, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV37385 | Parent of: Mine Captain's House, George and Charlotte Mine (Building) |
MDV78737 | Parent of: New Quay Trial Adit Portal, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78737 | Related to: New Quay Trial Adit Portal, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78689 | Parent of: Possible Carpenter's Shop, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78722 | Parent of: Possible Miners' Dry, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78729 | Parent of: Possible Shaft in Maddacleave Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78708 | Parent of: Powder House at George and Charlotte Mine, Gulworthy (Building) |
MDV78687 | Parent of: Powder House, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78706 | Parent of: Processed Waste Dumps, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78736 | Parent of: Pump Drain Lobby, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78736 | Related to: Pump Drain Lobby, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78728 | Parent of: Shaft in Maddacleave Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78724 | Parent of: Shallow Adit, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV124299 | Parent of: Site of third water engine in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine, Gulworthy (Monument) |
MDV78688 | Parent of: Small Building, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78682 | Parent of: Tail Race, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78682 | Related to: Tail Race, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78740 | Parent of: Underground Railway, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78740 | Related to: Underground Railway, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78707 | Parent of: Unprocessed Mine Waste Dump, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78677 | Parent of: Wheel Pit in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine, Gulworthy (Monument) |
MDV78691 | Parent of: Wheel Pit, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78705 | Parent of: Whim Shaft, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78693 | Parent of: Winding Drum Pit, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV19388 | Related to: Leat from Tavistock Canal, Gulworthy (Monument) |
MDV78681 | Parent of: Leat in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78681 | Related to: Leat in Sheepridge Wood, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78702 | Related to: Mine Track, George and Charlotte Mine to New Quay (Monument) |
MDV78701 | Related to: Mine Track, Morwellham to New Quay (Monument) |
MDV78737 | Parent of: New Quay Trial Adit Portal, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78737 | Related to: New Quay Trial Adit Portal, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78736 | Parent of: Pump Drain Lobby, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78736 | Related to: Pump Drain Lobby, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78682 | Parent of: Tail Race, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78682 | Related to: Tail Race, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV123232 | Related to: Tavistock Canal (Monument) |
MDV78740 | Parent of: Underground Railway, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV78740 | Related to: Underground Railway, George and Charlotte Mine (Monument) |
MDV22889 | Related to: William and Mary Mine, Gulworthy (Monument) |
Associated Finds: none recorded
Associated Events
- EDV4945 - Archaeological Assessment of George & Charlotte Mine, Morwell, Devon
- EDV4946 - Field Survey of George & Charlotte Mine, Morwell, Devon
- EDV4951 - Geological Assessment of George and Charlotte Mine, Gulworthy, Devon
- EDV6911 - Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme
Date Last Edited: | Nov 4 2022 1:01PM |
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