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Summary

A curvilinear enclosure recorded as a cropmark bank and ditch and earthwork bank on aerial photographs from 1946. Interpreted as a possible round of Iron Age or Roman date. Transcribed as part of the Tamar Valley NMP and Tamar/Lidar AI&M surveys. The enclosure is part reflected in surviving field boundaries. The larger field of which it once formed part is called 'Castle Park' on the Whitchurch Tithe Apportionment.

Location

Protected Status

• SHINE: Circular enclosure of uncertain date at The Stables

Other References/Statuses

• Old DCC SMR Ref: SX47SE/349

Monument Type(s) and Dates

• CURVILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Early Iron Age to Roman - 700 BC to 409 AD (Between))

Full description

Untitled Source (Migrated Record). SDV148.

Part reflected in field boundaries recorded on os 1971 mapping (os).

CAU, Untitled Source (Migrated Record). SDV251262.

Enclosure recorded as cropmark and earthworks on raf 1946 ap (cau).

APH/2000, Untitled Source (Migrated Record). SDV251264.

Current aps show that farm buildings have been constructed within the enclosure (aph/2000).

Untitled Source (Aerial Photograph). SDV251265.

Aph=raf/cpe/uk/1890/1284-5/(1946).

Untitled Source (Migrated Record). SDV251266.

Des=cau/(9/12/2002).

Untitled Source (Migrated Record). SDV251267.

Des=os 6"(1971).

Untitled Source (Aerial Photograph). SDV251268.

Aph=dcc colour vertical/(c.2000).

South West Heritage Trust, 1838-1848, Digitised Tithe Maps and Transcribed Apportionments (Cartographic). SDV359954.

Field 1091 is recorded as 'Castle Park' on the Whitchurch Tithe Apportionment.

Devon County Council, 1838-1848, Tithe Mosaic, approximately 1838-1848 (Cartographic). SDV349431.

Much of the enclosure is preserved in the projecting, curving north-west corner of field 1091.

Field, J, 1972, A Dictionary of English Field Names, 39 (Monograph). SDV350584.

The castle name alludes to the site of a prehistoric fortification.

Environment Agency, 2000-2019, LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) EA: Tamar Aerial Survey project area, LIDAR Environment Agency LAST RETURN 15-FEB-2016 (Cartographic). SDV363954.

Curvilinear banks and ditches are visible as earthworks.

Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001-2002, Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Transcriptions and Database Records, RAF/CPE/1890/F20/1284-5 (Interpretation). SDV346287.

The transcriptions of curvilinear earthwork banks and ditch from aerial photographs RAF/CPE/1890/F20/1284-5 correspond to a database record of an enclosure of ‘unknown prehistoric’ date.

Taylor, E., 2002, Cornish Mining World Heritage Site Bid NMP Mapping in West Devon (also known as Tamar Valley National Mapping Project), p17; Fig 5 (Report - Survey). SDV349949.

A possible 'round' of Iron Age/ Romano-British date, measuring approximately 114 by 91 metres. Two thirds of the enclosure bank is preserved in a field boundary, the remainder is visible as a cropmark of a bank with possible inner ditch.

GeoInformation Group Ltd, 2010, 1:625 2010 Colour (12.5cm resolution) (Aerial Photograph). SDV346026.

Agricultural structures and an access track have been constructed within and across the bank of the enclosure.

NERC, 2013, LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) Tellus: Tamar Aerial Survey project area, LIDAR Tellus LAST RETURN 01-JUL-2013 to 31-AUG-2013 (Cartographic). SDV363955.

Curvilinear banks and ditches are visible as earthworks.

Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R., 2016, Backlog Recording of the Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Survey (Personal Comment). SDV359374.

The aerial photograph reference given in the Tamar Valley NMP transcription attributes is incomplete; the date of the photograph is not included.
Digital aerial photographs of 2010 show that the interior of the enclosure has been partly developed and the south-eastern quadrant of the bank and ditch has been cut by an access road.

Google, 2019, Google Earth Pro, EARTH.GOOGLE.COM XX-XXX-2000; 30-MAY-2020 ACCESSED 12-APR-2021 (Aerial Photograph). SDV363088.

The north-west extent of the enclosure has been partly developed and a trackway constructed across its interior in 2000. The interior of the enclosure towards the north-west has been further developed by 2020. A pale cropmark of a bank that defines the southern edge of the enclosure is also visible.

Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R., 2020-2021, Tamar/Lidar; A Single Source Approach to Landscape Survey and Socially Distanced Community Archaeology Area 1 (AI&M project) (Interpretation). SDV363945.

Curvilinear earthworks of banks flanked by an outer ditch, both circa 7 metres wide, are visible on visualisations derived from lidar data captured in 2013 and 2016.
The visible earthworks define the east, south and north-west sides of a curvilinear enclosure that occupies an area of circa 1 hectare of gentle south-east facing slope. They correspond in part with field boundaries depicted on the mid-19th century Parish Tithe Map. Field boundaries on this map define the remining sides of the enclosure to the north and west.
The form of the earthworks supports the interpretation that the enclosure is of possible late prehistoric or Roman date.
Aerial imagery taken in 2000 show that the north-west extent of the enclosure has been partly developed for housing and a north-west to south-east orientated trackway constructed across its interior. By 2020 the north-west extent of the enclosure has been further developed. A pale curvilinear cropmark of a bank that defines the southern edge of the enclosure is also visible in 2020.
Earthworks of this enclosure visible as banks and a ditch were also recorded from aerial photographs during the Tamar Valley NMP project. The features here have been re-transcribed during this survey from lidar data which has provided additional clarity and detail as well as improved spatial accuracy, but which was unavailable to the previous survey.

Sources / Further Reading

SDV148	Migrated Record:
SDV251262	Migrated Record: CAU.
SDV251264	Migrated Record: APH/2000.
SDV251265	Aerial Photograph:
SDV251266	Migrated Record:
SDV251267	Migrated Record:
SDV251268	Aerial Photograph:
SDV346026	Aerial Photograph: GeoInformation Group Ltd. 2010. 1:625 2010 Colour (12.5cm resolution). 2010 Aerial Photographs. Digital.
SDV346287	Interpretation: Cornwall Archaeological Unit. 2001-2002. Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Transcriptions and Database Records. National Mapping Programme. Map (Digital). RAF/CPE/1890/F20/1284-5.
SDV349431	Cartographic: Devon County Council. 1838-1848. Tithe Mosaic, approximately 1838-1848. Digitised Tithe Map. Digital.
SDV349949	Report - Survey: Taylor, E.. 2002. Cornish Mining World Heritage Site Bid NMP Mapping in West Devon (also known as Tamar Valley National Mapping Project). Cornwall Archaeological Unit. Digital. p17; Fig 5.
	Linked documents:1
SDV350584	Monograph: Field, J. 1972. A Dictionary of English Field Names. A5 Hardback. 39.
SDV359374	Personal Comment: Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R.. 2016. Backlog Recording of the Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme Survey. Not Applicable.
SDV359954	Cartographic: South West Heritage Trust. 1838-1848. Digitised Tithe Maps and Transcribed Apportionments. Tithe Map and Apportionment. Digital.
SDV363088	Aerial Photograph: Google. 2019. Google Earth Pro. Various. Digital. EARTH.GOOGLE.COM XX-XXX-2000; 30-MAY-2020 ACCESSED 12-APR-2021.
SDV363945	Interpretation: Hegarty, C., Knight, S. and Sims, R.. 2020-2021. Tamar/Lidar; A Single Source Approach to Landscape Survey and Socially Distanced Community Archaeology Area 1 (AI&M project). Historic England Research Report. Digital.
SDV363954	Cartographic: Environment Agency. 2000-2019. LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) EA: Tamar Aerial Survey project area. Environment Agency LiDAR data. Digital. LIDAR Environment Agency LAST RETURN 15-FEB-2016. [Mapped feature: #98330 ]
SDV363955	Cartographic: NERC. 2013. LiDAR DTM data (1m resolution) Tellus: Tamar Aerial Survey project area. Digital. LIDAR Tellus LAST RETURN 01-JUL-2013 to 31-AUG-2013.

Associated Monuments: none recorded

Associated Finds: none recorded

Associated Events

• EDV6911 - Tamar Valley National Mapping Programme
• EDV8345 - Tamar/Lidar; A Single Source Approach to Landscape Survey and Socially Distanced Community Archaeology Area 1 (AI&M) (Ref: ACD2380)

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