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Historic England Research Records

Monument Number 332260

Hob Uid: 332260
Location :
Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire
Ascott-under-Wychwood
Grid Ref : SP2970018450
Summary : A motte and bailey castle with evidence also for Iron Age and possible Saxon settlement. The castle dates to the 11th or early 12th century and is situated immediately southeast of the River Evenlode with its bailey extending to the northwest to enclose the land between the river and the motte at the edge of the floodplain on a slight natural spur. The motte has a diameter of 56 metres and a height of 3.5 metres above the present bailey interior. It has a flat summit which measures 45 metres northeast-southwest by 30 metres. The bailey is crescent-shaped with its interior measuring 70 metres north-south by 30 metres east- west and is bounded by a rampart bank which varies from 3 to 4.5 metres in width and up to 1.7 metres in height. Enclosing the bailey on all but the east side of the motte, is a largely infilled outer ditch which measures between 12 metres and 20 metres wide. Excavations and other observations indicate that the castle lies on the site of an Iron Age and possible Saxon settlement.
More information : Ascott Earl: SP 297184. A motte and kidney-shaped bailey, first noted during field survey in 1946-7. The south side of the motte can be traced and its remaining outline partly determined by property boundaries. In 1956 a small excavation showed that the bailey bank was formed of piled Lias clay, and occupation debris found 3-4ft below the top of the north edge of the motte side included 11th to 12th century pottery and one sherd of the Iron Age. (1)

This small earthen motte and bailey castle recently had a drainage ditch dug across the north side of the bailey revealing a rampart built up of deposits of yellow clay. Threats by the farmer to bulldoze and level the earthworks resulted in an emergency `scheduling' of the site. (Sited from plan: SP 29701844). (2,3)

SP 29701845. The mutilated remains of a motte and bailey situated on the east bank of the River Evenlode.

The motte has a base diameter of 50.0 to 56.0m and a height of 3.5m, and the top measures 45.0m north east to south west by 30.0m transversely. Much of the mound is occupied by houses, farm buildings and gardens, but there is a short stretch of an earthen bank or rampart on the north side of the summit, 4.0m in width and 0.6m in height. The bailey on the south west is crescent-shaped and measures 70.0m north to south by 30.0m transversely. It is bounded externally by a scarp, 1.7m high, and is separated from the motte by a ditch, 10.0m in width and 0.8m in depth, which is crossed by a causeway to the motte, 4.0m wide.

The northern end of the bailey is now being obscured by dumping farm rubbish.

1:2500 AM survey transferred to PFD. (4)

SP 297185: Motte and bailey castle at Ascot Earl, scheduled. (5,6)

SP 297184: Ascot-under-Wychwood No 2, Ascot Earl. A damaged motte andbailey. It had more substantial earthworks than No 1 (SP 31 NW 1) andmay have been earlier (before c.1130). The earthworks are damaged. (7)

Scheduled listing. (8)

Sources :
Source Number : 1
Source : The Antiquaries journal : journal of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Source details :
Page(s) : 239
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 39 (1959)
Source Number : 2
Source : Council for British Archaeology Group 9: South Midlands archaeology newsletter
Source details :
Page(s) : 32
Figs. : 12
Plates :
Vol(s) : 2 (1972)
Source Number : 3
Source : Vertical aerial photograph reference number
Source details : A/Ps (RAF CPE/UK/2013 4149-50, 16-APR-1947)
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 4
Source : Field Investigators Comments
Source details : F1 ASP 24-JUN-77
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 5
Source : VIRTUAL CATALOGUE ENTRY TO SUPPORT NAR MIGRATION
Source details : DOE (IAM) Record Map, 16-MAR-1972
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :
Source Number : 6
Source : List of ancient monuments in England: Volume 1, Northern England; Volume 2, Southern England; Volume 3, East Anglia and the Midlands
Source details :
Page(s) : 83
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 3
Source Number : 7
Source : Castellarium anglicanum : an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Volume II : Norfolk-Yorkshire and the islands
Source details :
Page(s) : 384-5
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) : 2
Source Number : 8
Source : Scheduled Monument Notification
Source details : 16-Nov-98
Page(s) :
Figs. :
Plates :
Vol(s) :

Monument Types:
Monument Period Name : Iron Age
Display Date : Iron Age
Monument End Date :
Monument Start Date :
Monument Type : Findspot, Settlement
Evidence : Find, Conjectural Evidence
Monument Period Name : Early Medieval
Display Date : Saxon
Monument End Date : 1066
Monument Start Date : 450
Monument Type : Settlement
Evidence : Conjectural Evidence
Monument Period Name : Medieval
Display Date : C11 or early C12
Monument End Date : 1132
Monument Start Date : 1066
Monument Type : Motte And Bailey
Evidence : Earthwork

Components and Objects:
Period : Iron Age
Component Monument Type : Findspot, Settlement
Object Type : VESSEL
Object Material : Pottery

Related Records from other datasets:
External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (County No.)
External Cross Reference Number : OX 128
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (National No.)
External Cross Reference Number : 21806
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : National Monuments Record Number
External Cross Reference Number : SP 21 NE 2
External Cross Reference Notes :

Related Warden Records :
Related Activities :
Associated Activities : Primary, ASCOTT EARL CASTLE
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1956-01-01
End Date : 1956-12-31
Associated Activities : Primary, FIELD OBSERVATION ON SP 21 NE 2
Activity type : FIELD OBSERVATION (VISUAL ASSESSMENT)
Start Date : 1977-06-24
End Date : 1977-06-24
Associated Activities : Primary, ASCOTT EARL
Activity type : WATCHING BRIEF
Start Date : 1989-01-01
End Date : 1989-12-31