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Historic England Research Records

Rayleigh Castle

Hob Uid: 419161
Location :
Essex
Rochford
Rayleigh
Grid Ref : TQ8050090900
Summary : A medieval castle of motte and bailey construction, possibly on the site of an earlier fortification. Roman brick fragments and an Anglo-Saxon brooch have been found.
More information : (TQ 805909) Rayleigh Castle (NR) (1)

Rayleigh Castle was built shortly after the conquest on what is suggested to be an earlier fortification (4). It became ruinous in the C13th and remains now consist of a 50ft high motte, the north-east slope of which has been revetted with masonry, an inner bailey containing building foundations and surrounded by the footings of a curtain wall, and traces of an outer bailey partly destroyed by modern development. All the foundations and masonry were uncovered during excavations in 1909-10 and 1959-61. Many small objects of Medieval period were found as well as Roman brick fragments and an Anglo-Saxon brooch. Scheduled 39. (2-7)

1:2500 survey revised. Motte and bailey in good condition and preserved as an open space. (8)

TQ 80659082. Following the location of a large ditch orientated south west/north east, a 2m wide trench was excavated in Bellingham Lane to record its profile and date. Although its size (c.13m wide, 5m deep) and its position in regard to the castle suggested a town defence or outer bailey, very little early Medieval pottery was found whilst large quantities of C15th or C16th pottery were present in its fill. (9)

Additional references. (10-12)

The baronial castle came into the King's hands in 1163 upon the outlawry of Henry of Essex, and although a little money was spent on its upkeep until 1186, no further expenditure occurred. (13)

The outer bailey ditch was located during a small excavation in 1996. Excavations within the bailey in 1997 found 13th century pottery, but no features. (14)

Sources :
Source Number : 1
Source :
Source details : OS 6" 1965
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Source Number : 2
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Source details : Voss WA, Rayleigh Mount 1951 NT Handbook
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Source Number : 11
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Source details :
Page(s) : 217
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Source Number : 12
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Source details : English Heritage Sams Essex 1987 14
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Source Number : 13
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Page(s) : 804
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Source Number : 14
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Source details :
Page(s) : 290-2
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Vol(s) : 28, 1997
Source Number : 15
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Vol(s) : 29, 1998
Source Number : 3
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Page(s) : 123-4
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Source Number : 4
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Page(s) : 172-8
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Vol(s) : 4, 1893
Source Number : 5
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Source details :
Page(s) : 147-185
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Vol(s) : 12, 1913
Source Number : 6
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Source details :
Page(s) : 290-1
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Source Number : 7
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Source details : Anc Mon List 1971 91
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Source Number : 8
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Source details : F1 FGA 14-FEB-66
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Source Number : 9
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Source details :
Page(s) : 162
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Vol(s) : 17, 1986
Source Number : 10
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Source details :
Page(s) : 132
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Vol(s) : 16, 1984-5

Monument Types:
Monument Period Name : Roman
Display Date : Roman
Monument End Date : 410
Monument Start Date : 43
Monument Type : Findspot
Evidence : Find
Monument Period Name : Early Medieval
Display Date : Early Medieval
Monument End Date : 1066
Monument Start Date : 410
Monument Type : Findspot
Evidence : Find
Monument Period Name : Medieval
Display Date : Extant 1163-1186
Monument End Date : 1186
Monument Start Date : 1163
Monument Type : Motte And Bailey
Evidence : Earthwork

Components and Objects:
Period : Roman
Component Monument Type : Findspot
Object Type : BRICK
Object Material :
Period : Early Medieval
Component Monument Type : Findspot
Object Type : BROOCH
Object Material :

Related Records from other datasets:
External Cross Reference Source : Scheduled Monument Legacy (County No.)
External Cross Reference Number : EX 39
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : SMR Number (Essex)
External Cross Reference Number : TQ 89/2
External Cross Reference Notes :
External Cross Reference Source : National Monuments Record Number
External Cross Reference Number : TQ 89 SW 5
External Cross Reference Notes :

Related Warden Records :
Related Activities :
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1909-01-01
End Date : 1910-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1959-01-01
End Date : 1961-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : FIELD OBSERVATION (VISUAL ASSESSMENT)
Start Date : 1966-02-14
End Date : 1966-02-14
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1969-01-01
End Date : 1969-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1983-01-01
End Date : 1983-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EXCAVATION
Start Date : 1985-01-01
End Date : 1985-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : WATCHING BRIEF
Start Date : 1991-01-01
End Date : 1991-12-31
Associated Activities :
Activity type : EVALUATION
Start Date : 1997-01-01
End Date : 1997-12-31