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Monument Types

• BUILDING? (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• CHAPEL (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• MOAT (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• MOTTE AND BAILEY (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• RAMPART (Early Medieval - 1067 AD to 1349 AD)
• WELL (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• CURTAIN WALL (Late Medieval - 1350 AD to 1539 AD)

Summary

The earliest phase of the castle was a motte and bailey built around 1075. The motte is still visible in the corner of the ramparts but the outside edges have been cut away. The Norman hall has served as a court since 1229.

Additional Information

Scheduled Monument description:
Oakham castle occupies a central position in the former county town of Rutland, now part of Leicestershire. The castle complex comprises a standing great hall and the remains of a motte or mound inside a square inner bailey. To the north of this is a large rectangular outer bailey known as Cutts Close which contains dry fishponds and garden earthworks. The inner castle bailey measures approximately 140 x 140m in overall dimensions. The great hall is situated close to its western boundary, and consists of an aisled building measuring 20 x 13m internally, and is built of ironstone rubble with cut stone dressings. The inner bailey is delimited by a curtain wall dating to the 13th century. On the inside, a bank, consisting of grassed-over collapsed stone and rubble, slopes up to the wall and the remains of two towers or bastions can be identified on the western side. In the south east corner is the castle motte adjoining the enclosure wall at its highest point. It stands to a height of about 6m and has a surrounding ditch which is up to lm deep and 8-10m wide. The ground surface of the bailey is uneven, signifying the foundations of buildings, many of which are known from documentary evidence. The gateway on the south side, is still in use, although it has been rebuilt many times. To the north, the outer bailey known as Cutts Close contains earthworks of gardens and fishponds which are mentioned in 14th century documents. A substantial bank, up to 2m high, surrounds the perimeter of the outer bailey and also forms the fishponds. Oakham was the administrative centre of the manor of Oakham, with its courts and system of self government, and also the emerging county of Rutland. The hall of Oakham castle is listed in Domesday book and would have been represented at that time by a wooden building. The stone-built hall which survives today was built by Walkelin de Ferrers between 1180 and 1190. A 14th century document describes the castle in detail with a garden, fishponds and a moat. The period 1372-1386 is particularly rich in recorded detail with accounts of work done and grants made, but by 1521 the castle appears to have been in decline with much except the hall, which was used as a law court, in ruin. An engraving of 1684 shows the hall freestanding inside the castle enclosure, as it is today. There have been a number of archaeological excavations, that of 1953 confirming that the inner bailey was moated. In 1989 an archaeological evaluation of Cutts Close indicated that the south west bank was pre Norman. The castle site today is in the care of Leicestershire County Council, and Cutts Close is a grassed public recreation area. The great hall is a grade I listed building and is excluded from the schedule, as are the buildings adjoining it and the metalled driveway and car park in front of it. Also excluded in Cutts Close are: a bandstand, a disused paddling pool, childrens swings, the metalled pathways and a public shelter. The ground beneath all the above mentioned structures is included in the scheduling. A Second World War gun emplacement at the north east corner of Cutts Close and a 19th century garden folly in the eastern wall of the castle are both included in the scheduling.

A substantial moat, 37' 6" wide and 18' 3" deep (according to the Gathercole excavation) surrounding an earth rampart formed the early defences of the castle. A stone curtain wall replaced the earthern rampart sometime in the 13th or 14th century.

<1> Page W (ed), 1908, The Victoria History of the County of Rutland Volume 1, p115 (Bibliographic reference). SLE912.

It is believed that the first castle may have been built in 1075 when the King acquired Oakham after the death of Queen Edith. It passed to the de Ferrers family (under the Earls of Warwick). In the C13th it was granted to a number of people. In 1340 we are told, "the castle is well walled and within are a hall, 4 chambers, a chapel, a kitchen, 2 stables, a barn for hay, a house for prisoners, a room for the porter and a drawbridge with iron chains… Without the castle is a garden… And a fishpond and ditch." In 1512 the castle was said to be ruinous except for the hall. The hall served as a court from at least 1229 and still is.

<2> The Archaeological Journal, Vol 112 (1955), p181-4 (Journal). SLE2994.

See <1>
Radford suggests that the present defences are those of an original motte and bailey and that the remains of the motte survive within the south-east angle. A stone curtain wall has been added and a gate (?) defined by 2 semi-circular towers can be seen on the west side. The hall is believed to have been built c.1180.

<3> Clough, TH Mck, 1981, Oakham Castle, a guide and history (Bibliographic reference). SLE6311.

See <1>

<4> Pevsner N, 1984, The Buildings of England Leicestershire and Rutland, p494-6 (Bibliographic reference). SLE4.

"In 1340 a castle, well walled and with a drawbridge, was described. Within the two acre extent of its inner bailey were a hall, four rooms, a chapel, kitchen, gaol, stables and barn; outside it, a garden, fishponds, and a moat. The surviving late C12 stone hall succeeded a timber hall, first mentioned in 1086, which was defended by a keep with a motte and ditch still traceable at the SE corner of the site. It was incorporated into the earth ramparts and ditch that defended the C12 hall. In the C13 a stone curtain wall either replaced these or was added to them. Remains of it can be seen at the SE corner (from Burley Road car park) and on the W side where two towers defended the hall. Earthworks survive on all but the S side, where houses have encroached, but here is the C13 gateway (rebuilt in 1872) topped by the pediment that George Villiers added after he acquired the manor in 1621. On the N side, the ramparts divide the inner and outer bailey (Cutts Close). The perimeter mounds crowned by C19 trees are not reliably ancient. Within the large inner bailey stands the earliest hall of any English castle to survive so completely."

<5> McK Clough, TH (ed), 2000, Rutland Record, No. 20, No. 20 (2000), p415-424 (Journal). SLE6852.

The article raises two questions: was there Saxon occupation at the site, and what was the context of the castle within the medieval townscape? The earliest identifiable phase comprised a motte at the SE corner of a single, squarish bailey. This was probably constructed in the immediate post-Conquest period. The C11th motte and bailey may have been imposed within, rather than remodelled from, a pre-existing earthwork. Physically, the castle is closely associated with the market place. There appear to have been medieval town defences - the north side of Cutts Close (Station Road) and the east boundary of the castle defences (Burley Road) formed two sides of a defensive circuit.

<6> 1958, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 34, Vol 34 (1958), p17-38 (Journal). SLE5954.

In 1953-4 PW Gathercole undertook excavations immediately south of the castle wall where post-medieval buildings had encroached over the castle ditch. The ditch was found to be 37' 6" wide by some 18' 3" deep. A section through the rampart showed that it seemed to be built when Stamford Ware was in current use. A curtain wall was added later. A heavily robbed building with an oven was found immediately inside the gateway. Finds consisted of 396 sherds of Saxo-Norman pottery, several medieval shoes, 3 knives, 2 whetstones, a bone awl and a stone carved head.

<7> Journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, Vol 1 (1957), p157 (Journal). SLE5002.

In 1956 JL Barber cut a trench opposite the 3 blocked doorways at the E end of the hall. Opposite the N door was a pantry; in line with the centre door a 4' passage and to the S was a buttery at first 18', then extended to 21', wide. Floors were of thin cement on ironstone rubble and walls mostly of ironstone bonded with clay. Under the buttery floor 2 earlier walls were found. The latest phase was of c.1200-1300. The buildings were apparently pulled down early in the C18th.

<8> Journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, Vol 2 (1958), p195 (Journal). SLE5002.

In 1957 excavations continued. The E wall of the buttery and pantry were found, making the pantry 12' x 20' and the buttery 18' x 20' (21' x 20'). These were separated by a 4' passage leading to kitchens 9' further east and were 19' across (later 27'). The kitchens had a 6' wide ironstone floor alongside W and E walls while the central cooking area had a clay floor into which a mortar-lined pit was set. All dated to the second half of the C14th.

<9> Journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, Vol 3 (1959), p308 (Journal). SLE5002.

In 1958 exploration of the kitchen continued by JL Barber. All 4 walls were identified. 2 baking ovens were found in the SW corner, one suceeding the other within the same building.

<10> Hartley R F, 1983, The Medieval Earthworks of Rutland, p30 (Bibliographic reference). SLE601.

"The history of Oakham Castle is discussed in detail elsewhere (Page 1935, 8, Clough 1981). The walls of the main enclosure are massive, and much of the material in the banks must represent collapsed masonry. At the highest point (1) the bank broadens noticeably, and it has been suggested that this represents the remains of a motte. There are traces of two bastions opposite the church (2), and nearby in the south-east corner. The main walls surround an area of substantial stone foundations, among which the structure of the Great Hall of c.1180 survives thanks in large measure to its continuing use from at least the sixteenth century as a court of justice. Built of Clipsham stone it is a fine example of late twelfth century domestic architecture. The curtain walls of the court are believed to date from the thirteenth century. Excavations south-west of the entrance confirmed the existence of a moat 16m wide and at least 4m deep (Gathercole 1958, 17). This was not finally filled until the late eighteenth century. An inquisition of 1340 describes the castle as having "four rooms, a chapel, a kitchen, a stable, a barn for hay, a house for prisoners… a room for the porter, a drawbridge with iron chains…" North of the castle the moat broadens into a 'T' shaped embanked hollow (3), formerly dammed on the east side (4) to form a large pond. North of this is a terrace surrounded by large banks, and believed to have been a garden (5). The Inquisition of 1340 continues: "outside the castle is a garden, and fishponds and a moat." (Clough 1981, 3)."

<11> 1988, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 62, Vol 62 (1988), p82 (Journal). SLE5957.

PN Clay undertook a watching brief during the replacement of a water main. No structural remains were encountered although traces of a courtyard to the south of the hall were revealed. Material of C12th-C19th date were recovered.

<12> McK Clough, TH (ed), 2000, Rutland Record, No. 20, No. 20 (2000), p449 (Journal). SLE6852.

Resistivity survey was undertaken on the kitchen site east of the Great Hall in ?1998. Extensive structural remains were confirmed.

<13> Heard, Hannah, 2005, Geophysical survey report, Oakham Castle, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE2416.

Geophysical survey in 2005 recorded various features that may indicate structural remains. There appeared to be several rectilinear structures to the east of the hall. Other linears/pit-like features etc were also recorded as part of the work.
Report is in ADS Library: 10.5284/1018489 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5284/1018489

<14> Coward, Jon, 2010, An archaeological watching brief at Oakham Castle, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE3484.

An archaeological watching brief in March 2010 produced evidence of disturbed footings and demolition, together with medieval and post-medieval pottery (see MLE19899). The medieval pottery may relate to structures identified during the 2005 geophysical survey.
Report is in ADS Library: doi:10.5284/1022206 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5284/1022206

<15> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2012, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 86, Vol 86 (2012), p259 (Journal). SLE4254.

The 2010 watching brief was noted in Transactions.

<16> Sheppard, Richard and Walker, David JC, 2011, A terrestrial laser scan and photographic survey of Oakham Castle, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE3699.

A terrestrial laser scan and photographic survey of the interior and exterior of the Great Hall and castle grounds, including the ramparts, was undertaken in February-March 2011. The ramparts had recently been cleared of vegetation, exposing extensive stone rubble originating from the castle walls, mainly strewn on the outer slopes, and traces of the outer wall edge.

<17> Clough, Tim (ed), 2012, Rutland Record, No. 32, No. 32 (2012), p88 (Journal). SLE5789.

The 2011 earthwork survey was also reported in the Rutland Record.

<18> Adcock, J, 2012, Geophysical Survey Report: Oakham Castle, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE4558.

Geophysical survey in 2012 as part of Time Team investigations recorded a faint linear response from a narrow stonework feature, sat atop a much larger deposit of undetected masonry. The latter was thought to be part of a large ancillary building but the remaining walls were not detected. Survey adjacent to the bank of the outer bailey revealed only amorphous features believed to be associated with former gardens.

<19> Good, Oliver & Mepham, Lorraine, 2015, Oakham Castle, Oakham, Rutland, Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results (Unpublished document). SLE4540.

2012 trial trenching by the Time Team recorded various walls and demolition layers. Trench 1 recorded the walls previously recorded by Barber, to the east of the hall, forming a passageway to the kitchen. There were associated occupation layers and a possible sand bedding for a flagstone floor. Trench 2, to the north-east of the hall, contained a medieval N/S ironstone wall with an occupation layer to the east and various levelling layers, rubble layers, etc. Trench 3, to the west of the hall, contained an E/W wall that appeared to have been demolished and rebuilt on a NW/SE alignment. There was a possible N/S robber trench and levelling layers. All of these walls are probably no earlier than the early post-medieval period in date. Trench 4, to the north-west of the hall, contained a demolition layer. Trench 5, on the earthwork bank on the northern edge of the outer bailey, was sterile apart from an 1806 halfpenny. Trench 6, to the north-east of the hall, contained an E/W robber trench. Finds included pottery, ceramic ridge tiles, Collyweston roof slates (the roofs appear to have been slate with ceramic ridge tiles) and small finds such as an Edward I copper alloy jetton.

<20> Clough, Tim (ed), 2013, Rutland Record, No. 33, No. 33 (2013), p131-133 (Journal). SLE4644.

The Time Team trenching was also reported on in 'Rutland Record' (2013).

<21> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2015, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 89, Vol 89 (2015), p165-178 (Journal). SLE5218.

The 2012 Time Team work was reported in Transaction in 2015. The fieldwork located a passageway leading eastwards from the Great Hall through the service block, medieval stone structures within the inner bailey, and investigated an earthwork to the north.

<22> Clark, Donald, 2015, Archaeological supervision and recording at Oakham Castle, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE5196.

Two inspection pits were watched in 2014, on the north side of the castle. One in the inner bailey recorded a build-up of ground with six distinct layers. The other (in the outer bailey) was machined into an earthwork bank though no archaeological deposits were recorded. Environmental sampling was carried out. 9 sherds of late post-medieval/modern pottery were recovered and a small amount of animal bone (sheep/goat, cattle, pig, domestic fowl and goose).
Report is in ADS Library: 10.5284/1041076- http://dx.doi.org/10.5284/1041076

<23> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2016, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 90, Vol 90 (2016), p325-6 (Journal). SLE5392.

The 2014 watching brief on inspection pits was reported in Transactions.

<24> Elkin, Kathleen (ed), 2015, Medieval Leicestershire: Recent Research on the Medieval Archaeology of Leicestershire, p136, "Medieval fortified sites of Leics & Rutland", Richard Knox (Bibliographic reference). SLE5149.

"A motte and bailey castle was probably first built on the site after the death of Queen Edith in 1075, when William I acquired the Saxon royal estate (Page 1908). Radford pointed out that the remains of the original motte survive inside the south-east corner of the curtain wall (Radford 1955). He also suggested that the ramparts mark the original rectangular bailey. Excavations in 1953-4 (Gathercole 1958, 17-38) revealed the castle ditch to be 37 1/2 feet wide and just over 18 feet deep and found Stamford ware pottery in the rampart embankment.
"The castle then passed to the de Ferrers family, who almost certainly built the stone, aisled great hall in c.1180 (Clough 1981). The blocked doorways in the outer walls of the hall and excavations in 1956-8 (Barber 1957, 1958, 1959) show that, at least in the 14th century, service and domestic rooms were attached to the hall in standard manorial layout. The de Ferrers may have also erected the stone curtain walls along the earth ramparts later in their lordship. The castle was granted to several different families throughout the upheaval of the 13th century. The 12th century hall has been used as a law court from at least 1229 and has survived until the present day, although the rest of the domestic buildings were pulled down in the 18th century. A description of the castle, its defences and its grounds in 1340 show it to have been in good repair at that stage but it declined during the 15th century and was ruinous (except for the hall) by 1512."

<25> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2016, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 90, Vol 90 (2016), p326-328 (Journal). SLE5392.

The 2015-17 fieldwork was reported on in Transactions.

<26> Hunt, Leon, 2016, Archaeological investigations during restoration work at Oakham Castle, Oakham, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE5638.

Archaeological investigations were carried out during restoration work at Oakham Castle between 30/10/15 and 08/05/17. The works included test pitting and excavation in the area of a new path and toilet block west of the Great Hall, a trench through the north curtain wall, test pitting on a new perimeter fence, observation of new access steps, watching brief on a water pipe, flag pole and electricity cable trenches, recording of a stone-lined well, analysis of a borehole survey on the motte, a photogrammetry survey of the motte and of the east and west curtain walls, observation during restoration of the rampart walls, watching briefs on interpretation boards, a Battle of Agincourt commemorative tree and removal of the stump and roots of a storm-damaged oak.
Excavation within the area of the new toilet block (to the west of the Great Hall) revealed early stone yard surfaces, possibly contemporary with the Great Hall, and the remains of a post-medieval/modern drain. An extension to the Time Team trench in this area showed that walls revealed during that work did not seem to link to the Great Hall and were probably from a freestanding building. Trenching at the south end of the Great Hall revealed stonework that may be the foundation of a demolished porch.
The trench dug through the northern curtain wall and rampart showed that the wall had been cut into the original rampart material. The wall was 1.8m wide; 17 courses were noted.
The well was lined with ironstone blocks with no apparent bonding material. (The concrete cap was removed and the well was backfilled.)
Report is in ADS Library: 10.5284/1046836 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5284/1046836

<27> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2019, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 93, Vol 93 (2019), p278-280 (Journal). SLE6349.

Community excavation was carried out in 2018. Trenches were dug to the north-east and west of the Great Hall. To the north-east a long, narrow building 6m x 20m was recorded, with stone walls and an earthen floor. This appeared to be a service building. West of the Hall a complicated series of buildings was recorded. There were two stone buildings constructed against the curtain wall, with one (perhaps the solar) linked to the north aisle of the hall by a pentice (covered walkway). These buildings appeared to date from the castle's heyday between the C12th and C14th. At a later date, probably the C15th/C16th, the walkway was replaced with a large timber post-built structure, perhaps a porch. The buildings to the west appear to have been high status, with finds of decorated green-glazed table wars, dress pins, and iron knife, high-quality masonry and elaborately decorated ridge tiles. [Add finds when final report received.]

<28> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2020, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 94, Vol 94 (2020), p289-291 (Journal). SLE6550.

Further community excavation was carried out in 2019. The building north of the Great Hall was investigated further. In the late C14th/C15th the building was remodelled and two keyhole-shaped hearths were added in the corners, suggesting the building was being used as a brewhouse. Finds from the buildings west of the Hall agreed with the interpretation that the area was that of the private residence of the lord and his family.

<29> Morris, Mathew, 2021, An archaeological watching brief at Oakham Castle, Oakham, Rutland (Unpublished document). SLE7201.

A watching brief on a cable trench in 2021 did not record any medieval finds/features; the topsoil contained late C17th-C20th artefacts.

<30> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2022, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 96, Vol 96 (2022), p187-8 (Journal). SLE7197.

The 2021 cable trench watching brief was noted in Transactions.

<31> 2008, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2008, p29 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7392.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2008: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category C(D); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
"Castle walls in earthen ramparts, C12. Exposed stonework is subject to decay and displacement by vegetation."

<32> 2009, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2009, p65 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7394.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2009: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category C(C); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
Description as previous.
Principal vulnerability MODERATE ANIMAL BURROWING; condition GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY WITH MAJOR LOCALISED PROBLEMS; trend DECLINING

<33> 2010, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2010, p60 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7395.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2010: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category C(C); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY; Principal vulnerability MODERATE ANIMAL BURROWING; condition GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY WITH MAJOR LOCALISED PROBLEMS; trend DECLINING

<34> 2011, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2011, p69 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7396.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2011: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category B(C); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY; Principal vulnerability MODERATE ANIMAL BURROWING; condition GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY WITH MAJOR LOCALISED PROBLEMS; trend DECLINING

<35> 2012, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2012, p75 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7398.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2012: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category B(B); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY; Principal vulnerability COLLAPSE; condition GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY WITH MAJOR LOCALISED PROBLEMS; trend DECLINING

<36> 2013, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2013, p68 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7406.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2013: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category B(B); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
"Castle walls in earthen ramparts, C12. Exposed stonework is subject to decay and displacement by vegetation. A second phase Heritage Lottery Fund grant application is in progress from Rutland County Council to include repairs."

<37> 2014, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2014, p69 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7407.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2014: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category B(B); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
Description as previous.

<38> 2015, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2015, p70 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7421.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2015: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category B(B); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
"…. In August 2014, a second phase Heritage Lottery Fund grant application was successful. The consolidation of the curtain walls and removal of vegetation will form part of the larger scheme of works to the Castle which comprise a major programme of essential restoration and development of the site as a cultural centre for Rutland, with improved visitor and community facilities."

<39> 2016, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2016, p76 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7422.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2016: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category F(B); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
"….Works to remove vegetation and consolidate the curtain walls are currently underway and it is possible that this work will be complete by the time of publication."

<40> 2017, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2017, p80 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7423.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2017: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category F(F); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
"….A major programme, supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund, of essential restoration and development of the site as a cultural centre for Rutland, with improved visitor and community facilities has largely completed works to remove vegetation and consolidate the curtain walls. The main feature that remains to be addressed under the project is the consolidation of the cut face of the motte."

<41> 2018, Heritage at Risk: East Midlands Register 2018, p80 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7425.

On Heritage at Risk Register 2018: condition POOR; occupancy N/A; priority category F(F); owner type LOCAL AUTHORITY
Description as previous.

Sources

Associated Finds

• SHERD (Late Anglo Saxon to Early Medieval - 850 AD to 1149 AD)
• SHERD (Late Anglo Saxon to Early Post-medieval - 850 AD to 1699 AD)
• SHERD (Saxo Norman - 850 AD to 1099 AD)
• ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENT (Medieval - 1067 AD? to 1539 AD?)
• AWL (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• AXEHEAD (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• HORSESHOE (Early Medieval - 1067 AD to 1349 AD)
• KNIFE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• KNIFE? (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• MOLLUSCA REMAINS (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD to 1899 AD)
• MORTAR (Medieval - 1067 AD? to 1539 AD?)
• NAIL (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• OYSTER SHELL (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• PLANT REMAINS (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD to 1899 AD)
• RIDGE TILE (Early Medieval to Early Post-medieval - 1067 AD to 1699 AD)
• RIDGE TILE (Early Medieval to Early Post-medieval - 1067 AD to 1699 AD)
• ROOF SLATE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• ROOF SLATE (Medieval - 1067 AD? to 1539 AD?)
• SCULPTURE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• SHERD (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• SHOE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Medieval - 1067 AD? to 1539 AD?)
• VERTEBRATE REMAINS (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1067 AD to 1899 AD)
• WHETSTONE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
• MOUNT (Early Medieval - 1101 AD? to 1300 AD?)
• STRAP FITTING (Early Medieval - 1250 AD to 1349 AD)
• JETTON (Early Medieval - 1272 AD to 1307 AD)
• SHERD (Late Medieval to Early Post-medieval - 1350 AD to 1649 AD)
• BRICK (Late Medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1401 AD to 1899 AD)
• CLAY PIPE (SMOKING) (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• KEY (LOCKING) (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• MUSKET BALL (Early Post-medieval - 1540 AD? to 1699 AD?)
• ROOF TILE (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• SHERD (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• SHERD (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• TOKEN (Post-medieval - 1540 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• WINDOW GLASS (Post-medieval - 1540 AD to 1899 AD)
• CLAY PIPE (SMOKING) (Early Post-medieval to Late Post-medieval - 1601 AD to 1899 AD)
• STIRRING ROD (Early Post-medieval - 1601 AD? to 1699 AD?)
• TOKEN (Early Post-medieval - 1650 AD to 1699 AD)
• CLAY PIPE (SMOKING) (Late Post-medieval - 1700 AD to 1899 AD)
• MAMMAL REMAINS (Late Post-medieval to Modern - 1700 AD? to 2050 AD?)
• OYSTER SHELL (Late Post-medieval - 1700 AD? to 1899 AD?)
• PLANT REMAINS (Late Post-medieval to Modern - 1700 AD? to 2050 AD?)
• SHERD (Late Post-medieval to Modern - 1700 AD to 2050 AD)

Designations

• Conservation Area: Oakham
• Scheduled Monument 1010702: OAKHAM MOTTE AND BAILEY CASTLE AND MEDIEVAL GARDENS

Associated Images

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