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Name: | Mountsorrel Castle |
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HER Ref: | MLE714 |
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Parish: | Mountsorrel, Charnwood, Leicestershire |
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Grid Reference: | SK 582 148 |
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Map: | Coming soon |
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Monument Types
- MOTTE AND BAILEY (Saxo Norman to Early Medieval - 1080 AD to 1217 AD)
Summary
The castle was built in c.1080 by Hugh Lupus. It was passed to Henry II in 1174 after a siege. In 1217 it was 'razed' by Henry III and never rebuilt. The castle is much affected by quarrying though parts of the bailey ditch are identifiable.
Additional Information
Scheduled Monument description:
Mountsorrel Castle is situated on a granite outcrop within the small town, mid-way between Loughborough and Leicester. It includes a motte and a second mound on the hill top, and the remaining part of the bailey ditch at the foot of the hill to the south.
Two natural high points of granite on the hill have been adapted within the castle. The northern of these is the castle motte which is roughly circular and part quarried away. It stands 2-3m high above the surrounding hill and about 18m in diameter at the base. 50m south of this is a second mound, also roughly circular, which is about 2m high above the surrounding hill and about 15m in diameter at the base. On the south side of the hill is the remaining part of the bailey ditch which survives for a length of 60m. It is about 12m wide and 2m deep. The bailey originally extended to the east and west of the protected area but the degree of archaeological survival in these areas is uncertain and hence they are not included in the scheduling.
The castle was founded by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Leicester c.1080. It was besieged by the King's forces to whom it fell in 1174. Henry II retained it when the earl of Leicester's lands were restored to him in or after 1177. The tower over the walls and other buildings were repaired in the 1190's and again in King John's reign. In 1217 Henry II ordered the castle to be destroyed and it was never rebuilt. Small scale excavations in 1952 revealed granite foundations within the motte and traces of sandstone blocks and medieval building material within the second mound to the south.
The motte today is topped by a war memorial which is excluded from the scheduling. Also excluded is a stone seat on the eastern side of the hill and, stone approach steps on the western slope of the monument. The ground beneath these features is included in the scheduling.
Newspapers report excavations by quarrymen in 1849. The Leicester Chronicle 25th August 1849 reported their findings. They discovered a shaft 12 feet by 11 feet at the top, at least 50 feet deep, cut through granite (a well?). This was located on the slope 20 feet below the summit. They hauled out many blocks of masonry, burnt oak timbers, animal bones, nails, bricks, an old hatchet and a horn. One of the blocks has the raised impression of two flowers on it.
(Information from History Regained, 'https://historyregained.net/mountsorrel-castle/', accessed 03/02/2021.)
The site has been badly damaged by quarrying but the bailey ditch is identifiable from SK 5812 1485 to SK 5823 1485 cutting off a promontory. In 1976 stone foundations bonded in clay and roughly plastered were noted. They were cut by a modern cottage and were thought to be below natural and perhaps in the bailey ditch (at SK 581 149).
The motte is now probably occupied by the war memorial. When it was built a bronze cauldron leg was found. (53.1927)
In 1976 stone foundations were noted, cut by a modern cottage, thought perhaps to be in the bailey ditch (at SK581149).
An earthwork survey was carried out in 1982.
In 1997 a large part of the garden of 4, Castle Hill, was cleared for landscaping. A large granite wall footing running north-south was recorded and a raised platform to the east with building foundations under turf. It was postulated that the east-west orientated building could be either the castle chapel or some defensive works for the southern access to the castle. The garden is on a seemingly natural platform that probably represents about a third of the bailey area. (RK 07/07/97)
<1> 1977-8, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 53, Vol 53 (1978), p37 (Journal). SLE5951.
The castle was built ?c.1080 by Hugh Lupus and passed to Henry II in 1174 after a siege. The first mention is c.1152 in an agreement between the Earls of Chester and Leicester. Repairs are mentioned in the 1190s and temp King John. In 1217 it was 'razed' by Henry III and never rebuilt.
<2> Renn, D, 1960, Norman Castles in Britain (Bibliographic reference). SLE6295.
According to the Patent Rolls the castle was destroyed in 1217.
<3> Loughborough Archaeological Society, 1958 - 1989, The Bulletin of the Loughborough & District Archaeological Society, Vol 1 (1958), p9-10 (Journal). SLE410.
In 1952 FA excavated a layer of solid building material, C12th/C13th pottery and early medieval floor tile as well as a bronze ring (donated 323-5.1956 and A6.1983).
<4> 1978-9, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 54, Vol 54 (1979), p74 (Journal). SLE5932.
See <3>
<5> Throsby, J, 1789, Views of Leicestershire, p35-6 (Bibliographic reference). SLE6013.
In 1787 a prick spur (drawn and c.1200 AD) and several pieces of old coin were found at the 'Craggy Rock' in the castle and therefore probably the motte.
<6> Gentleman's Magazine, (1747), p740 (Journal). SLE3155.
See <5>
<7> Nichols J, The History and Antiquities of Leicestershire (Bibliographic reference). SLE7.
See <5>
<8> Hartley R F, 1989, The Medieval Earthworks of Central Leicestershire, p10, p25 (Bibliographic reference). SLE342.
"The castle was probably founded by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Leicester. It was taken over by King Henry II in 1174. In 1215 Saer de Quincy was granted custody of the site by King John. He took the side of the barons and held it on behalf of "Lewis the French King", who the barons had called to their assistance. The castle was besieged for Henry III by William Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, and Ranulph Blundervill, Earl of Chester, but such as the resistance of the defenders, under Robert de Braybrooke, that they had to leave it untaken. However, a force on its way to relieve the garrison was defeated at Lincoln. When the rebellion collapsed the castle was given to Ranulph Blundervill, on condition that it was then razed to the ground (Nichols 1800, 85). Some traces of buildings survive on the summit of the granite outcrop, and a section of defensive bank and ditch survives on the south side."
<9> Elkin, Kathleen (ed), 2015, Medieval Leicestershire: Recent Research on the Medieval Archaeology of Leicestershire, p136, "Medieval fortified sites of Leics & Rutland", Richard Knox (Bibliographic reference). SLE5149.
"The castle was built on a granite outcrop with commanding views of the Soar Valley and the road from Leicester to Loughborough (now the A6) in c.1080, possibly by Hugh Lupus. It is mentioned in the agreement of c.1150 and was besieged and taken by Henry II in 1174. Repair bills of the 1190s and 1200s survive. In 1215 King John granted the castle to Saer de Quincy, who then joined the rebel barons. It withstood a siege by the Earls of Pembroke and Chester, but after the collapse of the rebellion the land was given to the Earl of Chester on the condition that the castle was destroyed.
"The now slight motte was on the northern end of the hill and the bailey, within which various earthworks survive, covered the rest of the summit. Some of the earthworks may be the result of quarrying. Stone footings and solid spreads of building rubble have been seen on several occasions within the area of the bailey and early medieval pottery and metal finds have been recorded on the summit during excavations by Ardron (1952). Defensive earthworks survive on the southern slopes of the hill (Hartley 1989, 10 and 25)."
<10> 2016, National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) accessioning (Website). SLE4981.
SUMMARY: "Medieval motte and bailey comprising motte and second mound and part of bailey ditch surviving as mutilated earthworks. The castle was probably built circa 1080 by Hugh Lupus and came into the possession of Henry 11 in 1174. The Earl of Chester took it after the Battle of Lincoln and later razed it to the ground in 1217. Excavations in 1952 revealed 12th to 13th century pottery. Two natural highpoints have been adapted within the castle. The northern of these is a roughly circular motte, 2 to 3 metres high above the surrounding hill, and about 18 metres at the base but part quarried away . 50 metres south of this is a second mound, roughly circular, about 2 metres high above the surrounding hill and about 15 metres in diameter at the base. On the south side of the hill is the remaining part of the bailey ditch which survives for a length of 60 metres and is about 12 metres wide and 2 metres deep. Scheduled."
URL: 'https://nrhe-to-her.esdm.co.uk/NRHE/RecordDetail.aspx?pageid=45&he_uid=317167', accessioned 22/04/2024.
<11> Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 (6") historic mapping, 1955 (Map). SLE7243.
[SK 5820 1495] Castle [G.T.] Site of [on Castle Hill]
<12> Hadfield, CN, 1952, Charnwood Forest, p60 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7367.
Mountsorrel Castle was probably built by Hugh Lupus c. 1080 <12> and came into the possession of Henry II 1174, though White quotes <13> the latter as the date of erection. The Earl of Chester took it after the Battle of Lincoln and later razed it to the ground <13> (1217?) The site has been largely quarried away, <12> no vestiges of a castle <13> remain.
<13> Field Investigators Comments, A Clarke/09-JAN-1953 (Website). SLE3488.
The sole remaining feature of this motte and bailey-type castle which may be identified with any certainty is a strong ditch extending from SK 5812 1485 - SK 5823 1485. This probably represents the remains of the bailey and serves the dual purpose also of cutting off the promontory upon which the castle is sited. Although there are no traces of the motte to be seen, its site, as suggested by the general lie of the ground, would appear to be that now occupied by a war memorial.
<13> 1846, White's Directory of Leicestershire and Rutland 1846, p316 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7621.
See <12>
<14> Field Investigators Comments, F R Harper/10-JAN-1961 (Website). SLE3488.
Bailey ditch surveyed at 25" 16.1.61.
<15> Field Investigators Comments, J Baird/11-AUG-1972 (Website). SLE3488.
Report of A Clarke still applies, though a minor alteration has been caused by modern infilling.
Published survey (25" 1966) revised.
<16> Scheduled Monument List/Amendment, English Heritage SAM Amendment Leicestershire 19-FEB-1992 (Scheduling record). SLE7368.
Mountsorrel motte and bailey castle includes a motte and a second mound on the hill top, and the remaining part of the bailey ditch at the foot of the hill to the south. Two natural highpoints of granite on the hill have been adapted within the castle. the northern of these is the roughly circular motte, 2-3m high above the surrounding hill and about 18m diameter at the base but part quarried away. 50m south of this is a second mound, roughly circular, about 2m high above the surrounding hill and about 15m in diameter at the base. On the south side of the hill is the remaining part of the bailey ditch which survives for a length of 60m and about 12m wide and 2m deep. The bailey originally extended to the east and west.
<17> Cathcart King, DJ, 1982, Castellarium Anglicanum: an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Vol I: Anglesey to Montgomery (Bibliographic reference). SLE4995.
Listed by Cathcart King.
<18> Brown, RA; Colvine, HM; Taylor, AJ, 1963, The History of the King's Works, Vol 2: The Middle Ages, p745 (Bibliographic reference). SLE7357.
Mountsorrel castle was one of the castles of the earl of Leicester confiscated by Henry II in 1174. In 1215 King John was forced to grant it to Saher de Quency under the terms of Magna Carta. When civil war broke out it held against the King and in 1217 was besieged by a royal army under the Earl of Chester, relieved by the Earl of Winchester with French help, and finally captured and destroyed by the Earl of Chester after the Battle of Lincoln.
Sources
<1> | Journal: 1977-8. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 53. Vol 53 (1978), p37. |
<2> | Bibliographic reference: Renn, D. 1960. Norman Castles in Britain. |
<3> | Journal: Loughborough Archaeological Society. 1958 - 1989. The Bulletin of the Loughborough & District Archaeological Society. Vol 1 (1958), p9-10. |
<4> | Journal: 1978-9. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 54. Vol 54 (1979), p74. |
<5> | Bibliographic reference: Throsby, J. 1789. Views of Leicestershire. p35-6. |
<6> | Journal: Gentleman's Magazine. (1747), p740. |
<7> | Bibliographic reference: Nichols J. The History and Antiquities of Leicestershire. |
<8> | Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F. 1989. The Medieval Earthworks of Central Leicestershire. p10, p25. |
<9> | Bibliographic reference: Elkin, Kathleen (ed). 2015. Medieval Leicestershire: Recent Research on the Medieval Archaeology of Leicestershire. p136, "Medieval fortified sites of Leics & Rutland", Richard Knox. |
<10> | Website: 2016. National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) accessioning. |
<11> | Map: Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 (6") historic mapping. 1955. |
<12> | Bibliographic reference: Hadfield, CN. 1952. Charnwood Forest. p60. |
<13> | Website: Field Investigators Comments. A Clarke/09-JAN-1953. |
<13> | Bibliographic reference: 1846. White's Directory of Leicestershire and Rutland 1846. p316. |
<14> | Website: Field Investigators Comments. F R Harper/10-JAN-1961. |
<15> | Website: Field Investigators Comments. J Baird/11-AUG-1972. |
<16> | Scheduling record: Scheduled Monument List/Amendment. English Heritage SAM Amendment Leicestershire 19-FEB-1992. |
<17> | Bibliographic reference: Cathcart King, DJ. 1982. Castellarium Anglicanum: an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Vol I: Anglesey to Montgomery. |
<18> | Bibliographic reference: Brown, RA; Colvine, HM; Taylor, AJ. 1963. The History of the King's Works, Vol 2: The Middle Ages. p745. |
Associated Finds
- ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENT (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
- CAULDRON (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
- FLOOR TILE (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
- RING (Medieval - 1067 AD to 1539 AD)
- SHERD (Early Medieval - 1067 AD to 1349 AD)
- SPUR (Early Medieval - 1067 AD to 1349 AD)
Designations
- Conservation Area: Mountsorrel
- Scheduled Monument 1010188: MOUNTSORREL MOTTE AND BAILEY CASTLE
Associated Images
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